RECENT GLACIER ADVANCES IN NORWAY AND NEW ZEALAND: A COMPARISON OF THEIR GLACIOLOGICAL AND METEOROLOGICAL CAUSES |
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Authors: | T CHINN S WINKLER MJ SALINGER N HAAKENSEN |
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Institution: | Lake Hawea, Wanaka, Otago, New Zealand; Department of Geography, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Auckland, New Zealand; Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE), Oslo, Norway |
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Abstract: | ABSTRACT. Norway and New Zealand both experienced recent glacial advances, commencing in the early 1980s and ceasing around 2000, which were more extensive than any other since the end of the Little Ice Age. Common to both countries, the positive glacier balances are associated with an increase in the strength of westerly atmospheric circulation which brought increased precipitation. In Norway, the changes are also associated with lower ablation season temperatures. In New Zealand, where the positive balances were distributed uniformly throughout the Southern Alps, the period of increased mass balance was coincident with a change in the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation and an associated increase in El Niño/Southern Oscillation events. In Norway, the positive balances occurred across a strong west-east gradient with no balance increases to the continental glaciers of Scandinavia. The Norwegian advances are linked to strongly positive North Atlantic Oscillation events which caused an overall increase of precipitation in the winter accumulation season and a general shift of maximum precipitation from autumn towards winter. These cases both show the influence of atmospheric circulation on maritime glaciers. |
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Keywords: | glaciers mass balance advance NAO IPO ENSO/SOI Norway New Zealand |
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