地理信息系统在海岸海洋地貌研究中的应用

随着现代海洋观测技术的发展,通过海岸海洋地貌调查获得的数据急剧增长。运用地理信息系统(GIS)将不同学科、不同来源、不同格式的数据进行集成管理、分析和表达已成为当前海岸海洋地貌研究的重点。系统介绍了GIS技术在海岸海洋地貌研究中新的方法体系,包括数据获取、数据处理、数据分析和数据表达四个部分,重点研究了GIS空间技术、海底地形建模和用三维可视化技术解译海洋地学,探索陆海交互作用中隐含信息的方法,并将其应用到沿海城市规划、海港选址、大陆架岛礁地貌环境研究的具体实例中,研究范围从陆到海涵盖整个海陆交互作用带,为海岸海洋社会发展、经济建设及外交权益提供科学基础和决策支持。通过上述方法体系与应用研究说明,以GIS为核心建立的多源地理空间信息平台使传统海岸海洋地貌研究的范围、内容及方法都发生了重大变化,但多源数据信息的精确解译和成功应用必须同时具有空间信息学和地貌学专家知识。

The application of geospatial technology to coastal geomorphology

With the development of modern oceanic obser vation technologies,coastal survey data have experienced a substantial growth.The integration management of the data from different disciplines,different sources and different formats has become a major research field in coastal geomorphology by using geographic information system (GIS).A new methodology framework of GIS technology is put forward in coastal ocean geomorphology,including data acquisition,process,analysis,and representation.It focuses on some major GIS technology to study the land-ocean interaction mechanism,such as spatial analysis,submarine topography model and three-dimensionol (3-D) visualization,and apply its result to coastal urban planning,harbor site selection and geomorphological environment about coral reefs and islands on the continental shelf.The case studies cover the whole coastal ocean to serve the social community,economical development and diplomatic rights for decisionmaking all round in the coastal zone.The research shows clearly that the application of coastal multisource geospatial platform has changed the traditional coastal geomorphological science dramatically from its research scope,fields and methods,however,as made clear,extracting accurate information from remotely sensed data and GIS databases for coastal geomorphological applications is a nontrivial challenge that requires the combined knowledge and skills of information scientists and geomorphologists.