城市网络地位与网络权力的关系——以中国汽车零部件交易链接网络为例

网络中心性和网络权力是城市节点的两个重要网络结构特征,现有研究往往缺乏对二者联系和差别的足够重视。从拓扑结构角度,解析城市网络中心性和网络权力的基本内涵,基于度中心性、介数中心性分别表征城市网络中心性和网络权力存在的不足,引入递推中心性和递推权力的概念,利用2009年中国汽车零部件供需链接配套关系数据构建城市关联网络,讨论网络节点分布、链接关系等拓扑结构特征,识别各项中心性和权力指标的相互关系。研究表明：① 汽车零部件供需链接的城市网络具备低密度、多中心、“富人俱乐部”的特征;② 上海、长春、北京、重庆、十堰为最高等级的网络中心城市,分别锁定中国6大汽车产业带的对应地区;③ 长三角、京津地区、山东、广西、湖北三省及川渝地区为6大网络权力城市集中区,长三角地区网络权力最为突出;④ 递推中心性、递推权力在测度城市网络中心性和网络权力方面,具有更高的区分性和精准度;⑤ 城市网络存在由“高中心性—高权力”的核心城市到“低中心性—低权力”的裙带城市的一维分布特征,这与空间距离阻尼对城市链接有无的影响程度的衰减有关;同时也存在二者关系非匹配的“高中心性—低权力”的中心集束城市和“低中心性—高权力”的权力门户城市。

The relationship between centrality and power in the city network

Centrality and power show important network structure characteristics of a major city. However, research on the city network often ignores the connection and the differences between these concepts. We explain the basic concepts underpinning both centrality and power. We introduce two concepts: recursive centrality and recursive power, to describe degree centrality and betweenness centrality as applied to a city's position and power in a network, respectively. We form a complete set of relational data based on a matching relationship between Chinese auto parts supply and demand in 2009. Finally we review China's urban network topology characteristics, such as node distribution and link relationships, and identify the relationship between the center and the power index. Empirical studies show that (1) the Chinese city network (based on auto parts supply and demand) is of low density, polycentric, and is characterized by the "rich club". (2) Shanghai, Changchun, Beijing, Chongqing and Shiyan show the highest level of centrality in their city networks within the six major auto industry regions (northeast China, Beijing-Tianjin, central China, Sichuan-Chongqing, and the Yangtze River Delta). (3) There are six major network power city clusters in China: the Yangtze River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin, Shandong Province, Guangxi autonomous region, Hubei Province, and Sichuan-Chongqing. Among them, the Yangtze River Delta is the most powerful one. (4) With regards to measuring centrality and power in a network, recursive centrality and recursive power are both discernible and accurate. (5) City network distribution features can be classified as either core cities, with high centrality and high power, or peripheral cities, with low centrality and low power. The damping effect of distance influences the degree of connection within a city. Other relationships exist, such as center city clusters, with high center and low power, and powerful gateway cities, with low centrality and high power.