精密测距测速系统的研究与应用

精密测距测速系统（ＰＲＡＲＥ）是由德国发展的双频双程微波卫星跟踪系统，其空间部分搭载在欧洲航天局（ＥＳＡ）的第二颗资源遥感卫星ＥＲＳ－２上并正常运行至今，该系统具有全天候，全自动，台站便于流动，数据多等特点，其高精度的跟踪信息可用于ＥＲＳ－２的定轨以主某些大地测量与地球物理参数的确定，其双频特性可用于电离层方面的研究，另外，ＰＲＡＲＥ还可用于精确的时钟同步，详细介绍了ＰＲＡＲＥ的发展，构成，测量原

Research and Applications of PRARE

PRARE (Precise Range And Range Rate Equipment) is a space-borne, two-way, two-frequency microwave tracking system which has been developed in Germany. Since April 21,1995 the system has been working well onboard the second ESA European remote sensing satellite ERS-2. PRARE can operate automatically in all weather conditions. Thus, PRARE has more abundant data than SLR. Moreover, the ground stations, which are small in size and highly mobile, operate almost without man's control. The precise tracking information is used to derive preliminary and precise ERS-2 orbits as well as other geodetic/geophysical parameters like Earth orientation, station coordinates or Earth gravity field model. The two-frequency down-link measurements are used to correct the ionospheric influences on the signals and to monitor the total electron content C(TEC) of the ionosphere. Additionally, it has been proved that PRARE can be used for precise clock synchronization. The paper introduces the development, the components,the measurement principle and the performance of PRARE in detail, gives retrospect of the research work on PRARE which had been doing by some international institutes,and reviews the prospects of PRARE applications in China.