海洋石油降解菌剂在大连溢油污染岸滩修复中的应用研究

对海洋石油降解菌群DC10的降解特性进行了研究,研制了基于该菌群的降解菌剂,并用于大连实际溢油岸滩生物修复实验,考察了降解菌剂对潮间带和潮上带油污的降解作用,通过分析C17/藿烷、C18/藿烷及总烷烃和总芳烃的降解率来评价其降解效果。降解菌群DC10在实验室条件下对石油的降解率高于各组成菌株,一周时间的石油降解率比对照提高了60%左右,能降解大部分的烷烃和芳烃。以DC10冻干菌粉辅以营养盐溶液研制降解菌剂,该菌剂在大连岸滩油污生物修复试验中显示出显著的降解效果。在为期12 d的潮间带油污生物修复试验中,喷洒菌剂处理的C17/藿烷和C18/藿烷降解率相对于自然风化处理分别提高了40%和30%,而总烷烃和总芳烃降解率分别提高了80%和72%。在为期85 d的潮上带油污生物修复试验中,从C17/藿烷和C18/藿烷的降解率来看,喷洒菌剂处理对油污的降解程度仅略高于自然风化,但总烷烃和总芳烃的降解率分别提高了近30%和20%。

Field study of the bioremediation of oil-contaminated Dalian beach by marine oil-degrading bacterial agent

A marine oil-degrading bacterial consortium DC10 was prepared to an oil-degrading agent and further applied to the bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated Dalian beach. Field studies were carried out at the intertidal zone and supratidal zone respectively, and the effects of the oil-degrading agent were investigated by evaluating the decline of C17/hopane, C18/hopane, total petroleum alkanes and total petroleum aromatics.The oil-degrading consortium DC10 exhibited much higher degradation rates than the single degrader comprising consortium DC10 under laboratory conditions. Compared to the sterile control, the degradation rates of consortium DC10 increased by 60% in 7 days, and most alkanes and aromatics in oil were disappeared. The oil-degrading agent supplemented with essential nutrient salts was proved to be effective in the field study on the bioremediation of oil-contaminated Dalian beach. At the intertidal zone plot, the C17/hopane and C18/hopane degradation rates of bioremediation treatment increased by approximately 40% and 30% in 12 d, respectively, compared to the natural weathering. While the total alkanes and total aromatics degradation rates of bioremediation treatment increased by approximately 80% and 72% in 12 d. In the case of supratidal zone plot, the C17/hopane and C18/hopane degradation rates of bioremediation treatment was only slightly higher than natural weathering in 85 d. While the total alkanes and total aromatics degradation rates of bioremediation treatment increased by approximately 30% and 20% in 85 d, respectively.