贵州省积冰变化的气象特征

为认识连续电线积冰过程中的积冰变化及对应的气象要素特征, 对贵州省2008-2014年7个冬季进行了实际积冰厚度值的估算, 发现连续电线积冰过程中并非积冰日数越长积冰危害越重. 对多个连续积冰过程中不同积冰变化状态下的气象要素特征进行统计分析, 结果表明: 积冰厚度值与气温因子的相关性更好, 积冰变化值与变温的相关系数较高; 日雨量和平均湿度对积冰的影响相互独立; 蒸发量的影响不可忽视. 积冰消融与增长的影响因子明显不同, 积冰消融和积冰维持仅在变温项上差异明显, 最高气温上升是影响积冰消融的关键因素; 积冰增长时大多为较平稳的降温, 过去24 h有降雨, 相对湿度大, 蒸发量小, 与其余两种情况有显著差异. 一次典型连续结冰过程中, 负变温更利于积冰的增长和维持; 积冰消融时无降水; 明显的日降雨量利于积冰增长, 但两者无线性关系. 最后, 对显著积冰变化做了定义及分析, 显著增长和消融在连续过程中易出现的时段不同, 显著积冰变化的高温日变化差异明显; 显著积冰增长要求的雨量更多, 湿度更高, 蒸发量更小.

The meteorological characters of icing-change in Guizhou Province

To study icing change and corresponding meteorological factor in continues icing processes, the article estimated icing thickness from 2008 to 2014 in Guizhou Province. Study showed that the harm of icing doesn't increase with lasting-day in continues icing processes. In different icing change situation of several continues icing processes, statistical analysis on meteorological character showed: icing thickness correlated better with temperature, while the icing-change correlated better with temperature-change. Daily-rainfall and humidity affected separately on icing. Meteorological factors were different between icing-ablation and icing-increase. Icing-increase was distinct with icing-maintaining on temperature change, while rise on highest temperature was the key factor to icing-ablation. When icing-increase, temperature decreased gentle, with rainfall in past 24 hours, high humidity and small evaporation. In a typical process, we found that temperature decrease was beneficial for icing-increase and maintain; there were no rainfall in icing-ablation situation, while obvious rainfall was beneficial for icing-increase, but not linear correlated to it. At last, the article defined and analyzed extreme icing change: icing-increase and icing-ablation happened in different stage of continues process. Extreme icing change was distinct on highest temperature's daily variation. Extreme icing increase requires more rainfall, higher humidity and less evaporation.