1961-2014年新疆冰雹灾害时空分布特征

通过整理、 普查得到1961-2014年新疆以县为单位的雹灾频次、 受灾面积、 经济损失的样本序列, 在此基础上定义了表征雹灾程度的无量纲数损失指数. 结果表明: 新疆雹灾频次集中出现在阿克苏地区、 博州、 石河子地区, 5-8月为多发期, 6月最多. 雹灾的年际变化呈现出2～5 a的短周期和7～8 a的长周期, 20世纪60、 70年代为新疆雹灾的少发期, 1980-1994年、 2001-2014年为雹灾的两个集中高发期. 按照地区累计灾损指数将新疆雹灾划分为5个等级, 阿克苏地区属严重雹灾区, 喀什地区、 塔城地区、 伊犁州属重雹灾区, 石河子地区、 博州、 昌吉州、 巴州、 克拉玛依市属中雹灾区, 阿勒泰地区、 克州、 和田地区、 哈密地区属轻雹灾区, 吐鲁番地区和乌鲁木齐市属微雹灾区.

Temporal and spatial distribution features of hail disaster in Xinjiang from 1961 to 2014

Through studying the hail events during 1961-2014 in Xinjiang, sequences of hail event frequency, damage area, and economic loss are obtained county by county in this paper. Then, a dimensionless number (loss index) is define to represent the degree of hail damage. Statistical analysis shows that hail damage mainly concentrates in Aksu, Bozhou and Shihezi Prefectures from May to August, especially in June. Annual variation of hail damage has vibrated with a short cycle of 2~5 years and a long cycle of 7~8 years. The 1960s and the 1970s were the less hail damage periods and 1980-1994, 2001-2014 were two frequent hail damage periods. Hail damage may be divided into five grades according to the cumulative hail damage loss index. They are severe hail grade (Aksu Prefecture), heavy hail grade (Kashgar Prefecture, Tacheng Prefecture and Yili Prefecture), middle hail grade (Shihezi, Bozhou, Changji, Bazhou and Keramay Prefectures), light hail grade (Altay Prefecture, Kizilsu Kergez Prefecture, Hotan Prefecture, and Hami Prefecture) and seldom hail grade (Turpan Prefecture and Vrümqi City).