淄博煤矿矿坑排水对地表水体的污染及对地下水水质影响的研究

以山东淄博煤田富硫煤（w（St＞2％）煤矿作为典型研究区,阐述了由于直接排放酸性、高SO4离子、高硬度和较高矿化度（TDS）的矿坑水导致的地表水体及地下水的污染。研究区内地表水体的水质主要受控于矿坑排水的质量,区内主要河流、水库已被污染。引用这种受污染的地表水进行灌溉,会引起浅层地下水的严重污染,并影响到饮用此类地下水的人们的身体健康。为揭示污水灌溉过程中水-岩相互作用及地下水污染的机理,进行了现场土柱模拟实验,分别模拟了污水灌溉和降水入渗过程。实验结果表明,污水灌溉过程中SO4-不会被吸附,也不会产生沉淀,因此,污水灌溉是污灌区地下水受污染的主要原因。降水入渗实验表明,污灌区土壤中的SO4-,Ca2+和Mg2+,也可以通过降水淋滤进入地下水,这是污灌区地下水受污染的另一条途径。就对水环境的影响而言,酸性煤矿矿坑排水的环境效应是负面的,应予以高度重视。

INFLUENCE OF MINING DRAINAGE OF ZIBO COAL MINES ON QUALITY OF SURFACE WATER AND GROUNDWATER

The Zibe coal ndnes, in Shandong Province, are rich in sulftir(w (St)＞2% ). Thispaper describes the surface water and gnundwater polution caund by the acidic miningdrainage of Zibe coal rnines, in which the concentration of SO4, hardness, and total dissolvedsolids(TDS) are high. In the study area, surface water quality is hanly controlled by the mining drainage, and the main river and reservoir have already been polluted. By using the polutedsurface water to itrigate, the shallow drinking groundwater has been seriously contdrinatedand becomes undrinkable. To detendne the mechbosm of water-rock interaction and thegroundwater contdrinatbo, two soil colunm experiments were performed. One simulated thepolluted surface water irrigatdri and the other sirnulated the precipitation infiltration. Experiment result indicates that, during the irrigation of polluted water, SO4. cannot be adsond orprecipitated. Thus, the shallow ground water is contndnated mostly by the poluted surfacewater drigation. During the precipitation infiltration, SO4, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in the soil are also leached into the groundwater, showing that the precipitation infiltration is another way tocontdrinate the groundwater. According to the analysis, it is clear that the effect of acidicAnning drainage on water environment is negative and much attention should be paid to theAnning drainage.