祖母绿产地鉴别研究综述

祖母绿是一种名贵彩色宝石,其产地来源对祖母绿价值的评定具有重要影响。祖母绿的产地鉴别因而成为宝石实验室的重要技术,也是宝石学领域的研究热点。祖母绿的包裹体、谱学特征和化学成分是常用且关键的产地鉴别信息,但随着祖母绿产地研究数据的积累,传统的产地鉴别方法备受挑战。文章系统整理和归纳分析了全球各产地祖母绿的宝石学特征、包裹体信息、谱学特征和主微量成分数据,在综述前人研究结果的基础上,系统阐明了目前祖母绿产地鉴别的研究现状,总结了不同产地祖母绿的宝石学特征和包裹体特征,划分了紫外-可见光-近红外(UV-VIS-NIR)光谱类型,揭示了各产地祖母绿的成分指纹信息,并以案例的形式阐明区分祖母绿常见重要产地的方法。全球尺度的对比虽然表明不同产地祖母绿包裹体种类多数雷同、光谱趋同、成分含量范围重叠明显,但也从包裹体出现频率、UV-VIS-NIR光谱样式类型、重水吸收样式和成分投图参数的选择上提供了产地鉴别的新思路。综上所述,文章旨在促进祖母绿鉴别技术的发展,为祖母绿的产地溯源提供科学依据。

A review of research on the emerald origin determination

Emerald is a precious colored gemstone, and its origin has a significant impact on the evaluation of its value. The identification of the origin of emerald has become an important technology in gemstone laboratories and a research hotspot in the field of gemology. The inclusion, spectral characteristics, and chemical composition of emerald are commonly used and critical information for origin determination. However, with the accumulation of research data on the origin of emerald, traditional methods for origin determination are facing challenges. This article systematically summarizes and analyzes the gemological characteristics, inclusion information, spectral features, and major and trace element data of emeralds from various occurrences around the world. Based on a review of previous research results, it systematically elucidates the current research status of emerald origin determination, summarizes the gemological characteristics and inclusion characteristics, reveals the component fingerprint of emeralds from each occurrence, and uses case studies to illustrate the methods of distinguishing common and important origins of emeralds. Although the comparison at a global scale indicates that the inclusion varieties of emerald from different origins are mostly similar, with spectral convergence and significant overlap in component content ranges, novel approaches for origin determination are proposed based on inclusion frequency, UV-VIS-NIR spectral patterns, absorption patterns of HDO and D₂O, and the parameter selection of compositional diagrams.