一次东南大风天气下近地面风场结构及航空影响分析

利用跑道自动观测、激光测风雷达等资料,对2023年4月7日夜间乌鲁木齐机场一次东南大风天气下近地面风场的细微结构进行分析,探究大风时段13架航班在低空复飞的气象原因,结果表明：此次东南大风为较典型的锋前减压型,其持续期间在机场范围低空风速具有“西强东弱”特征及显著的不均匀性,在进港高峰期的R07跑道五边下滑道上出现强侧风、中度及以上的风切变,使得飞机在着陆过程中操纵困难而导致多架飞机复飞。激光雷达侧风及水平风的垂直分布,能细致反映跑道上低空侧风、风切变随高度和时间的变化特点,而其前30 min风切变告警累积频次迅速增多、维持和峰值时段,与此次航班复飞时段有较好的对应,多次提前告警可为机场发布此类风切变警报提供参考。

Analysis of near-surface layer wind field structure and aviation influence in a southeast gale

The fine structure of near-surface wind field in a southeast gale weather at Urumqi Airport on the night of April 7,2023 was analyzed by using automatic runway observation data and laser wind measurement radar data,and the meteorological reasons for 13 flights making a go-around at low altitude during the gale period were explored. The results showed that the southeast gale was a typical prefrontal decompression type, and its persistent period had the characteristics of "strong in the west and weak in the east" and significant inhomogeneity at low altitude within the airport range. There were strong crosswinds, moderate and above wind shear on the five-side landing runway of R07 during the peak entering period, which made it difficult to control the aircraft during the landing process and led to the go-around of many aircrafts. The vertical distribution of crosswind and horizontal wind by lidar could accurately reflect the characteristics of low-altitude crosswind and wind shear variation with height and time on the runway. The cumulative frequency of wind shear alarms increased rapidly, maintained and peaked in the first 30 minutes, which corresponded well with the go-around period of the flight. Multiple advance warnings can pro-vide reference for the airport to issue such wind shear warnings.