中国不同时代主要类型铜矿床硫同位素特征及其成因意义

硫同位素是示踪矿床成矿物质来源的重要手段，对于揭示硫的物质循环也具有参考意义。笔者等选择我国不同类型、不同时间、不同空间的8个大型、超大型铜矿床，系统搜集和整理了1415个硫同位素数据资料，结果发现：①空间上，矽卡岩型、斑岩型和海相火山沉积型三类铜矿硫同位素组成显示“上重下轻”、“中轻边重”的规律。②时间上，矿床尺度从成矿早期到成矿晚期，不同类型矿石的δ34S值逐渐增大；全国尺度不同类型铜矿中黄铜矿的硫同位素组成，从老到新，δ34S值由正变负，与矿床尺度的变化规律相反。③对找矿的指示，甲玛和大宝山矿床中富矿体中硫化δ34S值偏高，在阿舍勒矿床靠近矿化中心的黄铁矿δ34S值偏低，胡篦型铜矿早期富钴黄铁矿δ34S值高于晚期贫钴黄铁矿δ34S值。总体上，除新太古代红透山铜矿之外，其他时代不同类型铜矿中黄铜矿δ34S值从元古宙到古生代到中生代再到新生代，明显降低，与地球演化有关。

Sulfur isotope characteristics of major types of copper deposits of different ages in China and their genesis significance

Sulfur isotopes are an important means to trace the source of mineralizing materials in mineral deposits, and they are also of reference significance for revealing the material cycle of sulfur.Methods: In this paper, we select 8 large and super- large copper deposits of different types, time and space in China, and systematically collect and organize 1415 sulfur isotope data.Results: ① Spatially, the sulfur isotope compositions of skarn- type, porphyry copper deposits and VMS copper deposits show a pattern of ‘top heavy and bottom light’ and ‘center light, edge heavy’. ② Temporally, the δ34S value of different ore types gradually increase from the early stage to the late stage of mineralization in the deposit scale. At the national scale, the δ34S values of chalcopyrite in different types of copper ores gradually decrease from early to late, which is contrary to the variation pattern at the deposit scale. ③ Indications for mineral exploration, the δ34S values of sulfide within the rich- ore bodies in the Jiama and Dabaoshan deposit are relatively positive, and the δ34S values of the pyrites near the mineralization center in the Ashele deposit are more negative, in addition, the δ34S values of co- rich pyrites in the early stage of the Hubi- type copper deposit are higher than the δ34S values of co- poor pyrites in the late stage. Conclusions:Expect for the Neoarchean Hongtoushan copper deposit, the δ34S values of chalcopyrite in different types of copper deposits significantly decrease from the Proterozoic to the Paleozoic to the Mesozoic and then to the Cenozoic, which is related to the evolution of the Earth.