High velocity anomaly beneath the Deccan volcanic province: Evidence from seismic tomography |
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Authors: | H M Iyer V K Gaur S S Rai D S Ramesh CVR Rao D Srinagesh K Suryaprakasam |
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Institution: | 1. US Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, USA 2. National Geophysical Research Institute, 500 007, Hyderabad, India
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Abstract: | Analysis of teleseismicP-wave residuals observed at 15 seismograph stations operated in the Deccan volcanic province (DVP) in west central India points
to the existence of a large, deep anomalous region in the upper mantle where the velocity is a few per cent higher than in
the surrounding region. The seismic stations were operated in three deployments together with a reference station on precambrian
granite at Hyderabad and another common station at Poona. The first group of stations lay along a west-northwesterly profile
from Hyderabad through Poona to Bhatsa. The second group roughly formed an L-shaped profile from Poona to Hyderabad through
Dharwar and Hospet. The third group of stations lay along a northwesterly profile from Hyderabad to Dhule through Aurangabad
and Latur. Relative residuals computed with respect to Hyderabad at all the stations showed two basic features: a large almost
linear variation from approximately +1s for teleseisms from the north to—1s for those from the southeast at the western stations,
and persistance of the pattern with diminishing magnitudes towards the east. Preliminary ray-plotting and three-dimensional
inversion of theP-wave residual data delineate the presence of a 600 km long approximately N−S trending anomalous region of high velocity (1–4%
contrast) from a depth of about 100 km in the upper mantle encompassing almost the whole width of the DVP. Inversion ofP-wave relative residuals reveal the existence of two prominent features beneath the DVP. The first is a thick high velocity
zone (1–4% faster) extending from a depth of about 100 km directly beneath most of the DVP. The second feature is a prominent
low velocity region which coincides with the westernmost part of the DVP. A possible explanation for the observed coherent
high velocity anomaly is that it forms the root of the lithosphere which coherently translates with the continents during
plate motions, an architecture characteristic of precambrian shields. The low velocity zone appears to be related to the rift
systems (anomaly 28, 65 Ma) which provided the channel for the outpouring of Deccan basalts at the close of the Cretaceous
period. |
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Keywords: | Deccan volcanic province seismic tomography deep structure high velocity anomaly teleseismic residuals three-dimensional inversion |
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