多中心城市中山市职住空间关系特征

以低密度多中心城市——中山市为例，采取政府主导的居民出行调查数据库中40445 个调查样本，应用ArcGIS 等分析工具，利用居民出行调查数据库中的个体属性与职住地点等信息，对居民职住比、通勤时间、通勤距离和通勤方向进行可视化，分析中山居民的职住空间关系格局。结果表明：职住比、通勤时间、通勤距离在空间上有一定的区域差异，但圈层结构均不明显。全市职住空间分布整体较均匀，主城区职住基本平衡；周边镇区尤其是西北组团、东部组团职住比高，而主城区较低。全市平均通勤时间和通勤距离均显著低于国内大城市和发达国家城市。主城区和外围镇区间的通勤量及其比重小，全市没有产生大规模的外围―中心“钟摆式”通勤，在通勤方向上更多表现为内―内通勤和外―外通勤。居民的职住关系空间分布特征与城市空间结构、人口结构、产业结构与产业布局、土地利用以及交通设施建设具有密切的关系，低密度多中心的城市职住平衡程度高、通勤时间和通勤距离均较短，而主城区与外围镇区通勤联系不紧密。

Spatial Pattern of Job-housing Relationship of Polycentric Cities: A Case of Zhongshan City

As a “strong periphery, weak center” pattern of polycentric city, the distribution of spatial elements include population, economy, land utilization, and traffic infrastructure show a feature of “large dispersion, small agglomeration”. A resident trip survey was conducted in October 2012 in Zhongshan city. Among the 80,000 samples surveyed, 40 445 are valid and used in this study. 446 TAZ (Traffic analysis zone) of the whole city are all included as spatial units. By using the function of spatial analysis and manual break of ArcGIS, the spatial pattern of job-housing ratio, commuting time, commuting distance, commuting direction of a low density of urbanization and polycentric city was portrayed. Responding to the urban spatial structure, the city's layer structure is not significant. The characteristics include job-housing ratio, commuting time, commuting distance, commuting direction. The job-housing spatial distribution present uniform as a whole, job-housing balance in the main city is more significant. The commuting time and commuting distance of Zhongshan’s residents are much shorter than those of big cities in domestic and in western cities. The ratio of commuting between the main city and the circumjacent towns is very low, the mass pendulum model of commuting flow between periphery and center does not exist. The commuting direction of the city presents that from center city to center city or from circumjacent towns to circumjacent towns. There has a close relationship between spatial pattern of job-housing relationship and those factors, such as city spatial pattern, demographic structure, industrial structure, industrial distribution, land utilization and transportation infrastructure.