中国西沙海域永兴岛—七连屿海域鱼体内有机污染物含量特征与来源解析及风险评价

环境中的有机污染物对生态系统和人类健康产生严重威胁。有机污染物在全球海域鱼体内普遍检出，且长期食用会对人类造成一定的健康风险。为研究中国西沙海域鱼体内有机污染物污染情况、来源及生态风险，本文利用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分析测定了永兴岛和七连屿鱼体内有机氯农药(OCPs)、多环芳烃(PAHs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)的含量，采集了包括蜂巢石斑鱼、红裸颊鲷、黑身蓝子鱼在内的17种鱼类共50条。结果表明：鱼体内OCPs、PAHs和PCBs的总含量均值范围分别为2.23～91.57ng/g ww、2.11～31.70ng/g ww和1.55～54.04ng/g ww，平均值分别为32.50ng/g ww、17.29ng/g ww和18.79ng/g ww，中位数分别为16.92ng/g ww、13.34ng/g ww和7.61ng/g ww。双对氯苯基三氯乙烷(DDTs)类农药在美欧沿海鱼体内的含量分别为0.65～107.6ng/g ww和763～5357ng/g lw，中国浙江沿海水域鱼体内PAHs含量为10.4～140ng/g ww，地中海、意大利沿海和美国查尔斯顿港口采集的鱼体内PCBs含量分别为1234～12327ng/g lw、56.8～4791ng/g lw和5.02～232.20ng/g ww，研究区DDTs和PAHs含量水平处于全球海域的低端，推测由于研究区远离污染源。利用DDTs/[双对氯苯基二氯乙烯(DDE)+双对氯苯基二氯乙烷(DDD)]比值来判断DDTs的来源，研究区50%鱼体内DDTs/(DDE+DDD)＞1，表明中国西沙海域有部分新近输入的DDTs，研究区沉积物来源为陆源，推测中国西沙海域DDTs为陆源DDTs和永兴岛农业活动的综合作用。利用蒽(ANT)/[ANT+菲(PHE)]比值＞0.1或该比值＜0.1来判断PAHs的来源是燃烧源还是石油源，研究区88%鱼体内ANT/(ANT+PHE)＞0.1，表明PAHs来源于化石燃料燃烧。风险评价结果显示，鱼体内OCPs和PCBs生态风险低。

Concentration and Distribution of Organic Pollutants in Fish of Yongxing and Qilianyu Islands,Xisha, China

Organic pollutants were widely detected in marine fish in global oceans, and long-term consumption can pose certain health risks to humans. To study the pollution characteristics, 50 fish were collected in Xisha, China, in which Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined by GC-MS. It was found that OCPs, PAHs and PCBs concentrations in fish ranged from 2.23-91.57ng/g ww, 2.11-31.70ng/g ww and 1.55-54.04ng/g ww, respectively. The ratios of DDTs/(DDE+DDD)＞1 in 50% of fish. The ratio of ANT/(ANT+PHE)＞0.1 in 88% of fish and the ratio of FL/(FL+PYR)＞0.5 in 100% of fish. Using the ILCR model to evaluate the ecological risk of fish, the ILCR values of organic pollutants in most fish were below 1×10−6. The BRIEF REPORT is available for this paper at http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.15898/j.ykcs.202304280057.