天津近海鱼类群落结构及功能群组成初步研究

鱼类群落结构和功能群组成是了解水域生态系统的结构和功能的基础,本研究基于2018年4月、6—11月底拖网鱼类资源调查数据,分析了天津近海鱼类群落结构和功能群组成。调查共捕获鱼类23种,隶属于6目14科20属,主要以暖温性底层鱼类和中上层鱼类为主。优势种以矛尾鰕虎鱼(Chaetueichthysstigmatias)、六丝矛尾鰕虎鱼(Chaetueichthyshexanema)、短吻红舌鳎(Cynoglossusjoyneri)等小型鱼类为主,其中矛尾鰕虎鱼为各月共有优势种。根据月间CLUSTER聚类分析结果,可将天津近海鱼类群落分为3个组,其中,4月为一组,6—9月为一组,10—11月为一组。根据各鱼种饵料组成进行聚类分析,天津近海鱼类群落由浮游动物食性功能群、广食性功能群、杂食性功能群、虾/鱼食性功能群、鱼食性功能群和底栖动物食性功能群,其中杂食性功能群、虾/鱼食性功能群和广食性功能群为主要功能群。

Preliminary study on fish community structure and functional group composition in Tianjin coastal waters

Fish community structure and functional group composition are important parameters for understanding the structure and function of water ecosystems.This study investigated the fish community structure and functional group composition in Tianjin coastal waters using bottom trawl sampling data collected in April and June-November 2018.A total of 23 species of fish were captured in the survey that belonged to 6 orders, 14 families, and 20 genera, which were primarily classifiedaccording to warmtemperature bottom fish and pelagic fish. The dominant species primarily included small fishes such as Chaetueichthysstigmatias, Chaetueichthyshexanema, and Cyno­glossusjoyneri; Chaetueichthysstigmatiaswas dominant each month. Cluster analysis indicated that the fish community could begrouped into threetypes:April as a group, June to September as a group, and October to November as a group. Cluster analysis based on the bait composition of each fish speciesrevealed thatfishes in Tianjin coastal waterswere composed of zooplanktivores, generalist predators, omnivores, shrimp/fish predators, piscivores, and benthivores, among which omnivores, shrimp/fish predators, and generalist predators comprised theprimary functional group.