海南岛降水的特性与其经济开发

本文分析了海南岛的降水特性,指出:该岛年降水量多而地区差异大;雨季干季分明而降水年际差异大;大气可降水量终年相近但水汽通量则季节变化明显。地表径流的计算结果表明,由于海南岛地形为中间隆起四周低乎,河流多而短,贮水能力有限,故地表径流也具有类似于降水的特点而导致旱涝地域分布不均匀。降水特点的成因,一是天气系统的影响,二是地形的作用。 本文最后分析了该岛降水特性对经济开发的影响,提出了注意蓄水防旱、保护生物资源、合理安排能源的利用和开发等合理化建议。 

THE CHARACTER OF PRECIPITATION AND ITS RELA TIONSHIP WITH THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN HAINAN ISLAND

In this paper, the analysis on the character of precipitation in Hainan Island shows that the annual rainfall is large with an apparently uneven distribution over whole region. The rainy season and dry season is distinguishable in a year and annual rainfall differs obviously year by year.The seasonal variation is small for the amount of precipitable water in the atmosphere but is large for the flux of water vapour.Computational results of surface run-off shows that the water storability on this island is small due to its topoghic feature, a mountainous centre and flat surrounding, which reaults In many short rivers divergent. Hence the surface run-offbehaves similar feature to the rainfall causing flood and/or drought deposit elsewhere.Two factors, the influence of weather systems and the topographic effect, are responsible to the creation of such precipitation feature.Finally, the relationship between the precipitational feature and the economic development in Hainan Island is analysed. Some rational suggestions such as drought-resisting conservancy,living creature resource protection, and efficient utilization and development of energy resources etc. are presented.