Matching carbon pools and fluxes for the Southern Ocean Iron Release Experiment (SOIREE) |
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| Authors: | Dorothee C.E. Bakker Philip W. Boyd Edward R. Abraham Matthew A. Charette Mark P. Gall Julie A. Hall Cliff S. Law Scott D. Nodder Karl Safi Dick J. Singleton Kim Tanneberger Thomas W. Trull Anya M. Waite Andrew J. Watson John Zeldis |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK;2. National Insitute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) Ltd., Centre for Chemical and Physical Oceanography, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand;3. NIWA., P.O. Box 14-901, Wellington, New Zealand;4. Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA;5. NIWA, P.O. Box 8602, Christchurch, New Zealand;6. NIWA, Box 11-115, Hamilton, New Zealand;7. Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, West Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK;8. Antarctic Co-operative Research Centre, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-80, Hobart 7001, Australia;9. Centre for Water Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6907 WA, Australia;1. Division of Polar Ocean Environment, Korea Polar Research Institute, 213-3 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea;2. College of Marine Life, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China;1. Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA;2. University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, MD, USA;1. GRC Geociències Marines, Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l’Oceà, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain;2. Instituto Español de Oceanografía, C.O. Gijón, Avda. Príncipe de Asturias 70 bis, E-33212 Gijón, Spain;1. Anses, Unité Epidémiologie et Bien-Etre du Porc, B.P. 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France;2. Anses, Unité Virologie Immunologie Porcines, B.P. 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France;3. Université Européenne de Bretagne, France;1. Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain;2. Centro Oceanográfico de Xixón, Instituto Español de Oceanografia, Camín de L’Arbeyal, s/n, 33212 Xixón, Asturies, Spain;3. Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia |
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| Abstract: | The Lagrangian Southern Ocean Iron Release Experiment (SOIREE) allowed study of a gradually evolving iron-mediated phytoplankton bloom in water labelled with the inert tracer sulfur hexafluoride, SF6. This article describes a pelagic carbon budget for the mixed layer in SOIREE and assesses the extent to which closure of the budget is achieved. Net community production (NCP) converted 837 mmol m−2 of inorganic carbon to organic carbon in 12.0 d after the first iron addition. A large fraction (41%) of NCP remained as particulate organic carbon in the mixed layer of the iron-enriched patch, while 23% was lost by horizontal dispersion and 0–29% was exported. The closure of the carbon budget is hampered by the lack of measurements of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), by a major uncertainty in carbon export, and by use of empirical conversion factors in estimates of carbon biomass and metabolic rates. Lagrangian carbon-budget studies may be improved by direct measurement of all major carbon parameters and conversion factors. Carbon cycling in the SOIREE bloom resembled that in ‘natural’ algal blooms in the open Southern Ocean in some respects, but not in all. Daily NCP in the SOIREE bloom (70 mmol m−2 d−1) was higher than in natural blooms, partly because other studies did not account for horizontal dispersion, were for longer periods or included less productive areas. The build-up of POC stock and carbon export as a fraction of NCP in SOIREE were in the lower range of observations elsewhere. |
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| Keywords: | Iron enrichment SOIREE Carbon budget Lagrangian |
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