一种隔水隔卡的自锁式绳索取心钻具及应用

近年来，国内外对复杂地层绳索取心钻具的研究取得了长足进步，但是未能很好解决卡心构件对岩心入管的阻碍和底喷式钻头易产生“泥垫”现象，从而影响取心质量和钻进效率的关键技术问题。以普通S95绳索取心钻具为研究对象，通过在内管里增设0.7 mm厚度的不锈钢衬管，封隔卡簧等卡心构件装置，增加底喷式钻头水孔数量并增大水槽体积，设计可供选择的发夹式和卡簧式岩心提断器等技术改造，研制一款用于复杂地层钻进，具备隔水、隔卡、自动锁心的三层管绳索取心钻具。选用发夹式岩心提断器在水敏性强的破碎地层中试验，平均回次进尺1.13 m，获取岩心采取率94.48%，对比附近同类地层钻孔的岩心采取率提高了50%以上；选用卡簧式岩心提断器在裂隙发育的泥质地层中试验，卡簧卡心如同普通钻具上的卡簧一样可靠。试验结果表明:用衬管封隔卡心构件的取心技术方案可行，解决了卡心构件对软弱松散岩心入管的阻碍，有利于保护岩心的原状性；所用底喷式钻头孔底冲洗效果好，降低了钻头“泥垫”现象对钻进速度的影响。该钻具操作方便，使用成本低廉，有望在我国现行绳索取心机台推广应用，具有较强的普适性和广泛的应用前景。 

Hazard source effect and location experiment of concealed water disaster in coal seam floor

The hydro-hazards, water-conductive collapse columns and water inrush from faults, hidden in coal seam floor have caused many coal mines flooded in North China, bringing huge economic losses and safety threats to enterprises. In order to study the hydrogeological effects of the hydro-hazards and hazards locating technology, the sand trough simulation experiments in which the hazard sources are located inside the measurement area are conducted based on the hydrogeological conditions of Carboniferous-Permian coalfields in North China. The experiments show that, when the hydraulic field becomes stable, the effects of collapse columns are manifested by the concentric circles of the water head, temperature and solute concentration contours, with the hazards located in the maximum contour circles. Water head contours are denser in the downstream of the hazard source than those in the upstream, while the contours of temperature and solute concentration are denser in the upstream than those in the downstream. The effects caused by hidden faults present parallel contours, and the hazards are between the two maximum parallel lines. Similarly, the density of water head contours increases in the downstream region of the hazard source, while the density decreases in the upstream region. The temperature and concentration contours are reversed.. The areas constrained by the maximum contours of water temperature and solute concentration for the two hazard sources are much bigger than those constrained by water head contours, and the real size of the hazard sources. Both the sources lay closely to the zone with denser contours. The graphic method and flow-field fitting method to search hazards are proposed in this paper according to the experiments, both of which have an error of no more than 6 m. The technology for hydrogeological effect detection is suitable for detecting water head, temperature and solute concentration in the hidden water-conductive collapse columns or faults in the thin limestone aquifer of Taiyuan Formation presented by Ordovician karst water in Carboniferous-Permian Coalfields in North China, providing a basis for locating and controlling groundwater hazards.