突水矿井动水巷道骨料灌注截流可视化平台研制与试验研究

通过骨料灌注法进行动水巷道截流堵水是矿井淹没后进行救援和复矿的重要方法。为研究骨料灌注截流堵水机理，基于水头高度、流速、巷道尺寸、倾角、糙度、骨料粒径、灌注速度等因素建立大型骨料灌注截流试验平台，并依托平台进行单孔、多孔灌注试验，分析动水巷道骨料运移堆积规律。结果表明:骨料正常灌注期间堆积体具有向下游运移生长的特性，迎水面和背水面由涡流控制的坡脚形态存在差异化现象；低流速条件下骨料会快速接顶且孔间存在空腔，高流速条件下孔间堆积体逐渐接龙、灌注量在下游相互叠加；残余过水通道沿截面呈U形分布，存在扰流接顶效应、空气掏蚀效应、堵孔效应、溃坝冲刷效应等典型动力学现象；结合解析法和数值法，对骨料颗粒的起动速度及典型现象进行计算和模拟，验证了试验平台的可靠性；通过浆液灌注实验验证浆液配比和骨料粒径对注浆效果存在重要影响，浆液在骨料堆积体中存在“上多下少”的空间分带性。试验平台的研制对截流堵水工程技术优化具有指导意义。 

Experimental study on visual system for water-blocking process of hydrodynamic roadway by aggregate pouring in water inrush mine

Blocking water of hydrodynamic roadway by aggregate pouring in water inrush mines is an important method for mine rescue. To study its mechanism, the experimental platform of similar simulation test was established based on such factors as water head height, flow rate, roadway size, inclination angle, roughness, aggregate particle size and perfusion speed. Based on the platform, single-hole and multi-hole pouring tests were carried out to analyze the movement and accumulation law of aggregate in hydrodynamic pathway. The results are as follows. Firstly, the accumulation body has the characteristics of migration and growth to the downstream during the normal pouring period, and the formation mechanism of the slope shape of the upstream and downstream is confirmed. Under the condition of low flow rate, the aggregate will connect to the top in a rapid speed and there are cavities between the holes. Under the condition of high flow rate, the accumulation body between the holes will gradually connect and the pouring volume will be superimposed on each other downstream. Secondly, several typical phenomena are found, including the U-shaped distribution characteristics of the residual water passage, the disturbing flow top effect in the rough roadway, the air erosion effect, the hole plugging effect, and the dam break scouring effect. Thirdly, combined with analytical method and numerical method, the reliability of the test platform is verified from the starting speed of aggregate particles and the key phenomena in the process of aggregate accumulation. Finally, by a slurry grouting test, it is proved that the slurry ratio and the size of aggregate particles have a great influence on the grouting effect, and that the slurry has spatial zoning in the aggregate accumulation. The test platform has a guiding significance for the optimization of water-blocking engineering technology.