各向异性与S波分裂及其在地震预报中的含意

近十年来世界在地震各向异性与S波分裂研究领域取得的长足进展,特别是英国科学家将S波分裂理论与观测实验技术逐步引向地震预报研究的努力,说明S波分裂作为体波在各向异性介质中传播的最显著特征,可望提供地震波穿过岩石内部结构最可靠的信息,而震前应力变化最直接的效应将会改变裂纹的几何图象。S波分裂研究是伴随通讯革命在地球物理学领域内发展起来的前沿学科,其形成的高技术反过来又可能产生重大经济效益,特别对石油、地热、煤炭、工程等部门更是如此。通过对国内外大量有关文献的分析、比较和筛选,对无序的情报信息作了有序的浓缩加工,本文将看重概述地震各向异性与S波分裂研究领域的发展历史、S波分裂机理及近期研究成果、S波分裂在地震预报研究中的应用、以及各向异性与S波分裂研究的前景,并给予相应评述。

ANISOTROPY, S-WAVE SPLITTING, AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS IN EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION

In recent ten years and more, rapid progress has been made in the research field of seismic anisotropy and S-wave splitting. Particularly, the endeavors of introducing the S-wave splitting theory and odservational technique into earthquake prediction by British scientists suggest that, being the most striking character S-wave splitting might provide the most reliable imformation when seismic waves propagate through rock interior. A newly-developed discipline in geophysical domain, the high technique it has brought about might result in great ecomomic benefit, especially in the departments concerned, such as petroleum, geothermics, coal and engineering construction. Through a great deal of documentary work a summary is drawn on the history of seismic anisotropy and S-wave splitting studies, and comments are made on the mechanism, recent results, and its application of S-wave splitting in earthquake prediction, and the prospects of the concerned researches as well.