鲁西南地区高氟地下水特征及成因探讨

在鲁西南地区,由于饮用高氟地下水而导致的地氟病,严重影响了当地群众的身心健康。地下水中氟元素的富集是一个非常复杂的水文地球化学过程。水化学测试结果表明,氟含量为0.05~6.7 mg/L,平均1.20 mg/L,高氟分布区主要集中在嘉祥黄河冲洪积平原与山前冲洪积平原交接部位和曹县、单县、菏泽黄河冲洪积平原河间洼地;地下水中氟含量与pH、矿化度之间的相关性不明显、与K++Na+和Ca2+相对含量分别呈正相关和负相关关系、与Ca2+含量相关性显著。本文从地质环境、水文地质环境、水文地球化学角度探讨了浅层高氟地下水的水文地球化学成因,研究了黄泛平原高氟地下水的形成机理,对于确定地氟病的成因及制定地氟病的防治措施,寻找适用饮用的低氟地下水,具有重要的理论和现实意义。

Characteristics and genesis of high-fluorine groundwater in southwestern Shandong Province

In southwest Shandong Province, high fluorosis in drinking water caused by high fluoride groundwater seriously affects the health and well-being of local people. Fluorine concentration in groundwater is a very complex hydrological and geochemical process. Water chemical test results indicate that fluoride content is 0.05~6.7 mg/L, 1.20 mg/L on average, and high-fluorine areas are mainly distributed in the juncture between the Jiaxiang Yellow River alluvial-pluvial plain and piedmont alluvial-pluvial plain as well as the interstream depression of the Yellow River alluvial- pluvial plain in Caoxian County, Shanxian County and Heze. Fluorite content of the groundwater has no distinct relationship with pH and mineralization intensity but is positively and negatively correlated with relative values of K++Na+ and Ca2+ respectively and obviously correlated with Ca2+ content. The authors probed into the hydrogeochemical genetic mechanism of the shallow-layer high-fluorine groundwater in the aspects of geological environment, hydrogeological environment and hydrogeochemistry, and studied the formation mechanism of the high-fluorine groundwater in the plain formerly flooded by the Yellow River. The results obtained by the authors are of important theoretical and practical significance for determining the cause of the fluorine-related endemic diseases, formulating the measures for prevention and cure of such diseases, and finding low fluorine groundwater suitable for dring.