河岸湿地研究的理论与应用技术

作为水陆之间的过渡带与生态交错区，河岸湿地具有一系列独特的性质和多种生态服务功能。鉴于河岸湿地在流域规划、河流保护与管理中的重要地位和作用，河岸湿地生态学研究已经开始得到重视。中国学者对河岸湿地生态学研究历经十余载，取得了众多研究成果，但是到目前为止，还没有形成一套比较系统和完备的学科体系，因而迫切需要加强该领域的系统研究工作。简要介绍了国内外河岸湿地基础理论，包括河岸湿地的定义、边界、结构和功能及其机理的研究；以及河岸湿地应用技术，主要包括河岸湿地生态模型与GIS技术的运用、岸坡稳定的生物工程技术和河岸湿地生态恢复的理论与实践等，提出了适应学科发展需要，综合已有的研究成果，构建河岸湿地生态学理论框架和学科体系的设想，以期推动河岸湿地生态学研究的发展。

Theory and Application Technology of Riparian Wetland

As buffer zones between uplands and streams,riparian area wetlandss possess distinct ecological characteristics because of their interaction with the aquatic system.Riparian ecology has drawn attentions since 1950s when scientists began to investigate birds and other wild animals in the field and found greater diversity of species in riparian zones than in adjacent uplands.Nowadays riparian buffers have gained wide acceptance as tools for protecting water quality,maintaining wildlife habitat and providing other benefits to people and the environment on abroad.Today in China,with the rapid growth of population and economics development,many riparian zones have been denuded of native vegetation,and the adjacent waterways have been channelized,dammed,and seriously polluted.However,there are very few researches specific to the basic principles and approaches of riparian buffer zone.Hence,the purpose of this article is try to provide a overall review of researches on riparian and riparian ecology,such as the riparian definition,riparian boundaries,riparian structure,and several main functions(such as supporting wildlife,providing woody debris,trapping/moving nutrient,shading streams to moderate water temperatures,and modifying microclimate,etc.)of riparian buffer zones,as well as the use of models and geographic information systems in this field,biotechnical or bioengineering for slope stabilization,principles and case studies of riparian ecological restoration were summarized in order to offer scientifically-based guidelines for riparian buffer plans and ordinances in China at present and in the future.