Stratigraphy and depositional environments of the Mamfe Formation and its implication on the tectonosedimentary evolution of the Ikom-Mamfe Embayment, West Africa

A 42 m thick outcropping portion of the Mamfe Formation is subdivided into Manyu (31 m thick) and Kesham (11m thick) Members on the basis of textural, mineralogical and structural differences. The Manyu Member (Albian) consists of folded and indurated, medium to coarse grained arkosic sandstones and thickly laminated organic-rich shales deposited in a lacustrine environment. The Kesham Member (Cenomanian) consists of subarkoses intercalated with massive green shale and mudstone deposited in a fluvial environment. The change in depositional environment was tectonically controlled. The mid Cretaceous paleogeography of the embayment was governed by the NE-SW trending “Ikom ridge” which prevented marine incursion from adjacent the Benue Sea. Evaporites found within the basin were precipitated from ocean water that was periodically spilled by strong tides and storms across the ridge into the embayment. The filling-up of the embayment to base level in the Cenomanian resulted in a shift in the depositional center downstream to adjoining lower Benue Trough. Similarity in heavy mineral composition and maturity of the Cenomanian sandstones with recent clastics in the embayment indicates their derivation from the same source terrain and relatively stable tectonic and climatic conditions at the source area since the Cenomanian time.