南京都市区就业空间结构与区位模式演变研究

就业空间是城市空间的重要组成部分,映射出城市经济与社会现象的多样性。论文采用经验贝叶斯克里金、非参数局部加权回归、多中心密度函数等方法综合刻画南京都市区就业空间结构特征,并从就业结构化分散、就业中心增长转型、就业异质性集聚与土地混合利用3个方面剖析其就业区位模式特征。研究发现：① 南京都市区就业郊区化与多中心化并存,“分散化集聚”的结构性特征显著;② 就业中心决定着就业空间的整体结构与密度分布,然而城市中心影响力开始减弱而次中心则逐渐增强;③ 就业中心出现增长转型,服务化转向与高技能化趋势明显;④ 就业分布呈现异质性集聚模式且与混合土地利用存在正向关联;⑤ 城市就业空间格局演变是自组织与他组织2种力量、市场行为与政府行为2种机制相互作用的结果,集聚经济、城市规划、土地市场开发等均是重要的影响因子。

Changes of employment spatial structure and location pattern of Nanjing metropolitan area

Employment space reflects the diversity of urban economic and social phenomena, also provides fundamental basis for urban policy making and planning practice. Based on the longitudinal economic census database (2001-2013), this study employed empirical Bayesian Kriging, non-parametric locally weighted regression, multi-center density function, and other methods to examine the general spatial structure of employment in the Nanjing metropolitan area, as well as its changing locational patterns from structural employment dispersion, growth transformation of employment centers, and heterogeneous employment agglomeration with mixed land use. The results show that: 1) Employment suburbanization and polycentric development were remarkable in the Nanjing metropolitan area. 2) Employment density showed a trend of non-randomly structural dispersion. During the study period, the influence of the main urban center on the overall employment distribution weakened, while that of the sub-centers strengthened, but the former was consistently greater than the latter. 3) Employment centers underwent a growth transformation towards service and high-skill oriented. 4) There was a heterogeneous agglomeration pattern of employment and a positive correlation between mixed land use and employment density distribution. 5) The change of employment patterns was an outcome of the interaction between self-organization and outside influences, as well as between market mechanism and governmental behavior. Agglomeration economies, urban planning, and land market development were among the important influencing factors. The conclusion of this study has certain implications for the scientific planning of employment space of both the Nanjing metropolitan area and other cities.