乡村产业发展对农户生计的影响研究——以宁夏红寺堡区为例

梳理产业选择与培育的经验,分析产业发展对农户生计的影响,对于促进生态移民区的乡村产业振兴、农户生计恢复与可持续发展具有重要意义。论文以中国最大单体移民迁入区宁夏吴忠市红寺堡区为研究区,针对4大乡村产业各选1个样本村,采用问卷调查法和半结构访谈法获取数据,在比较不同产业投入产出效益的基础上,探究不同产业发展对移民生计产出、生计资本及生计策略的影响。结果表明：① 红寺堡区的乡村产业已呈现出由传统粗放型向高效集约型转型的特征,但产业链短、抵御市场风险和灾害能力偏低的问题仍然突出;② 乡村产业发展对农户收入有明显的提升作用,但影响程度与产业类型、农户参与度密切相关,已完成产业转型的农户的生计资本总量远高于其他农户,生计资本结构存在明显差异;③ 不同产业村的农户优势生计模式差异明显,产业发展对农户生计的支撑力度仍有待提高。乡村振兴背景下,亟待培育新型经营主体,引导小农户与现代农业产业有机衔接,推动农户深度融入乡村产业链并长效受益,全面释放乡村产业多元化的功能;同时,继续对存在产业转型困难的农户,通过资金扶持、技术培训、托管代养等不同形式开展针对帮扶,帮助其建立可持续生计体系。

Impact of agriculture industrial development on farmers'livelihood:Based on the research of four migrant villages in Hongsibu District,Ningxia

Industrial development is not only the basis of rural revitalization, but also an important breakthrough point to increase farmers' income and rural prosperity. Industrial development and farmers' livelihood depend on and influence each other, and the mechanism of influence is very complex. Examining the experience of agriculture industrial development in the area of ecological migration and analyze the impact of industrial development on farmers' livelihood is of great significance for promoting the revival of rural industry, the restoration of farmers' livelihood, and the sustainable development in the area. This study took Hongsibu District of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the largest single immigrant area in China, as the study area, selected one village for each of the major rural industries, and used data from a questionnaire survey and semistructured interviews to examine the impact of agricultural industries on farmers' livelihood. On the basis of comparing the input-output of different industries, the impact of industrial development on farmers' livelihood output, livelihood capital, and livelihood strategy was explored. The results show that: 1) The agricultural industries in Hongsibu District has shown the characteristics of transformation from traditional extensive to high efficiency intensive agriculture, but the problems of short industrial chain and low ability to resist market risks and natural hazards and disasters are still outstanding. 2) Agriculture industrial development has an obvious effect on improving farmers' income, but the degree of influence is closely related to industrial types and farmers' participation. The total livelihood capital of farmers who have completed agriculture industrial transformation is much higher than that of other farmers, and there are obvious differences in livelihood capital structure. 3) The dominant livelihood modes of farmers in different specialized villages vary, and the support of agriculture industrial development to farmers' livelihood still needs to be improved. Under the background of rural revitalization, it is urgent to cultivate new business entities, guide small farmers to organically connect with modern agricultural industries, promote farmers' deep integration into the agriculture industrial chain and benefit for a long time, and fully release the diversified functions of agricultural industries. At the same time, the local government should continue to provide targeted assistance to farmers with difficulties in industrial transformation through financial support, technical training, trusteeship, and other forms of help to enable them to establish a sustainable livelihood system.