黄河流域末次冰消期以来古洪水事件研究进展

近20多年来,黄河流域末次冰消期以来古洪水事件研究取得了丰硕成果。论文系统回顾了黄河流域有关古洪水事件识别、年代序列建立、气候成因揭示、古洪水洪峰水位和洪峰流量恢复以及古洪水事件社会影响探讨等方面的内容;提出了当前在古洪水悬移质泥沙沉积物精确断代、古洪水成因及古洪水水文重建等方面面临的主要问题和未来的发展建议;并在现有研究的基础上从加强有条件河段不同规模古洪水的重现期、不同河段古洪水沉积记录的对比研究及建立古洪水水文学数据库等方面对未来黄河流域古洪水研究进行了展望,以期为全球变化背景下黄河流域洪水的预测、防治及风险评估和黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展提供科学依据。

Research progress of paleoflood events in the Yellow River Basin since the Last Deglaciation

In the past 20 years, many paleohydrological investigations have been carried out in the Yellow River Basin. Based on the previous studies, this article systematically reviewed the progress of research on paleoflood events in the Yellow River Basin since the Last Deglaciation. Firstly, we reviewed the major findings on the identification of paleoflood events, the establishment of chronological framework of paleoflood events, and the climatic background of paleoflood events. Secondly, the reconstruction of peak water level and peak discharge of paleofloods and the social impact of paleoflood events were summarized. Thirdly, the main problems and recommendations in relation to accurate dating of paleoflood deposits, the causes of paleoflood events, and hydrological reconstruction of paleoflood events were proposed. Finally, we examined the prospect of future research in this field: 1) Strengthen the ability of modern flood monitoring, improve the understanding of flood-generating mechanisms, and then effectively evaluate the influence of hydrological model parameters on the result of paleoflood hydrological reconstruction. The ideal places (bedrock gorges) for paleoflood hydrological reconstruction, based on the paleoflood data, strengthen the research in the occurrence frequency and recurrence period of small probability extreme flood events, and enhance the ability of prediction and evaluation of major flood disaster events in the Yellow River Basin. 2) The whole Yellow River Basin needs to be considered for paleoflood study. We should strengthen the comprehensive analysis of paleoflood events in different time scales and reaches, especially the paleoflood events in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yellow River. In addition, the paleoflood events in the Yellow River Basin should be studied synthetically from multiple perspectives, and paleoflood database needs to be established as soon as possible. This review may provide some historical basis for flood prediction, prevention, and risk assessment as well as ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin under the background of global change.