外部知识环境与内资企业新出口市场开拓

自中国加入WTO以来,出口贸易发展迅速。从出口主体来看,内资企业的出口行为对区域经济增长和中国自身实力的提升尤为重要。建立对外联系、利用外部资源能够有效地促进内资企业拓展海外市场。论文使用中国海关库2001—2011年企业层面的进出口数据,借助条件逻辑回归模型研究地级市尺度上外部知识环境对内资企业开拓新出口市场产生的溢出效应。研究区分了影响内资企业海外市场拓展的3种外部知识环境,内资企业可以：从同一区域的外资企业处获得外部知识;与邻近区域企业形成跨区域联系,获取外部知识;从国外进口获取外部知识。通过对比3种外部知识环境对于地级市尺度内资企业开拓新出口市场的影响,发现：① 3种外部知识环境对内资企业开拓新出口市场均表现出积极作用;本地外资企业出口的溢出效应最大,本地企业进口的溢出效应次之,邻近城市企业出口溢出效应最小;② 中西部地区与东北地区的邻近城市企业出口溢出贡献最大,且3种外部知识环境带来的溢出效应均明显强于东部地区;③ 本地外资企业与邻近城市企业出口溢出对高技术产品的影响明显强于低技术产品。

External knowledge environments and new export market expansion of domestic enterprises

Since China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO), export trade has developed rapidly. From the perspective of export entities, domestic enterprises' export is particularly important for regional economic growth and the improvement of China's economic strength. Establishing inter-regional linkages and utilizing external resources can effectively promote the overseas market expansion of domestic enterprises. Based on the import and export data of Chinese customs database from 2001 to 2011, the spillover effect of external knowledge environments on the development of new export market of domestic enterprises of prefecture-level cities was examined by a conditional logistic regression model. This study distinguished three external knowledge environments that affect the overseas market expansion of domestic companies. Domestic companies can: obtain external knowledge from foreign invested companies in the same region; form cross-regional contacts with companies in neighboring areas and obtain external knowledge; and acquire external knowledge by importing from other countries. By comparing the effects of the three external knowledge environments on the development of new export markets by domestic enterprises at the prefecture-level city scale, this study found that: 1) All three external knowledge environments have positive effects on domestic enterprises in their effort to explore new export markets. Local foreign invested enterprises have the largest spillover effects on exports, followed by the spillover effect of local enterprises' imports, and the effect of export enterprises in neighboring cities is the smallest. 2) In the central, western, and northeastern parts of China, the spillover effect of enterprises in neighboring cities is the largest and the spillover effects of all three external knowledge environments are significantly stronger than those in the eastern regions. 3) The spillover of exports from local foreign invested enterprises and enterprises in neighboring cities is stronger on high-tech products than on low-tech products.