从大众旅游到乡村旅居:乡村区域旅游发展的新趋势——基于元方法的驱动力分析与旅居地假设

在流动性的总体框架中思考中国新兴的乡村旅居现象，界定乡村旅居的基本内涵，借助国外相关实证研究结果中的元数据和主要观点，分析和探讨了乡村旅居的若干属性，结果表明:①乡村旅居以乡村性所提供的核心价值为本源驱动，是乡村旅游发展的阶段性产物，其与各类现代乡村旅游活动共享了相同的3维驱动力空间。②在休闲时间和可支配收入既定的情况下，考虑旅行经历和体能的调节作用，可以划分出4种旅居行为模式。除模式4强调对大众旅游需求的补偿心理之外，其他均以旅居为主，根本区分依据是驱动力属性。最后，参考国外第二居所流动模型，基于研究结果提出有关乡村旅居地发展模式的假设。

From Mass Tourism to Rural Stay:A Meta-approach to Driving Force and a Hypothesis for Rural Stay Destination

In recent years,more and more Chinese people tend to travel to and live in rural areas,which deserves much more attention.In essence,this phenomenon can be understood as a new type of tourism mobility,the idea of which is consistent with“the new mobilities paradigm”within the social sciences.Specifically,rural stay has shared similar embedded contexts with various tourism activities in the West from mid-1980s,elaborated by Lane and Kastenholz(2015),as well as the second home tourism since the 1990s,reported by Müller(2007).At the tourism and migration continuum,the phenomenon approximates more to the tourism end.Moreover,the terminology of‘rural stay’,used by some of global rural tourism literature,is also applied in this paper,the idea of which is similar to the new phenomenon arising in rural China.Base on these considerations,this research defined the basic meaning of rural stay in China,and analyzed and discussed its certain features through meta data and main evidences from extant relevant empirical papers.Results show that:1)Rural stay behavior is essentially driven by core values delivered by rurality,the motivations of which can be expressed into a 3-dimensional model that is consist of relaxation and escape-oriented vs.destination appeal-oriented,new experiences and learning-oriented vs.family and socialization-oriented,and for self-oriented vs.rural lifeoriented.2)Given that individual travel career and physical abilities have moderating effect,four patterns of rural stay behavior can be identified,three of which are dominated by staying in rural areas while the other is mainly for mass tourism activities with rural stay as a indispensable supplement.It is the motivation that distinguish each pattern from others.With reference to the direction of major migration flows of individuals in different age groups to second homes in Sweden 1991-2001,reported by Müller and Marjavaara(2012),a hypothesis for the development model of a rural stay destination is proposed for future efforts.More specifically,two common development models of rural stay destination were hypothesized,either of which may provide possibilities of consumption-led rural revitalization for many traditional villages or rural areas with a single economic structure and modest tourism resources.