江苏非物质文化遗产的时空分布及其影响因素

以江苏为例，运用地理学相关方法将非遗的时空分布可视化，并探讨其分布的影响因素。研究表明：江苏非遗在时间上呈“迂回向南”发展轨迹，其数量和类型在不同阶段具有明显差异；在空间上呈聚集性分布，分别在苏州、扬州、南京、常州、镇江和南通形成6个高密度核心；通过地理探测器分析，得知河流水系、政策导向、历史文化和经济等因素对非遗的时空分布有较大影响。由此得出重视江苏大运河文化带建设、将非遗纳入文化生态系统内整体性保护、正视非遗与经济合理互动等启示。

Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Intangible Cultural Heritage and Its Influencing Factors in Jiangsu Province

Intangible cultural heritage is the product of cultural-ecological environment, and analyzing its spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors will help to further improve the management and protection of intangible cultural heritage. Therefore, taking Jiangsu Province as an example, the nearest neighbor index method and nuclear density estimation method are used to visualize the temporal and spatial distribution of intangible cultural heritage at the provincial level and above, and the buffer analysis method and geodetector model are used to analyze the influencing factors of the distribution of intangible cultural heritage. The conclusions can be drawn as follows: 1) There are differences in the distribution of Jiangsu intangible cultural heritage in time and space dimensions. The intangible cultural heritage in different historical stages has obvious differences in quantity and type due to the economic, cultural and political influence of the time. At the same time, the intangible cultural heritage center of Jiangsu has shown a ‘circular southward’ development trajectory in the time dimension. From the perspective of spatial distribution, the overall distribution is in a cluster shape, forming six high-density core areas, two sub-high-density core areas and six low-density core areas. 2) The temporal and spatial distribution of intangible cultural heritage in Jiangsu is affected by natural, social and economic factors. First of all, natural factors have a significant impact on the distribution of intangible cultural heritage by river systems. Secondly, the policy-oriented factors among social factors have the greatest impact on the distribution of intangible cultural heritage. The influence of historical and cultural factors on intangible cultural heritage is mainly manifested in the number, type and artistic characteristics of intangible cultural heritage. Finally, economy has a direct relationship with the generation and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage, and the economic level directly affects the degree of attention to intangible cultural heritage. The countermeasures can be proposed as follows: 1) Construct the Grand Canal Cultural Belt (Jiangsu Section) to promote the protection and utilization of intangible cultural heritage. In the process of promoting the construction of the Grand Canal Cultural Belt (Jiangsu Section), the protection and development of intangible cultural heritage along the Grand Canal should be placed under the overall planning and overall coordination of the cultural belt. 2) Attention should be paid to the overall protection of the intangible cultural heritage ‘cultural ecosystem’. The protection of intangible cultural heritage should rely on the original cultural ecosystem to establish different cultural protection areas, and carry out effective inheritance and development of intangible cultural heritage, so as to ensure the subsequent survival of intangible cultural heritage and maintain the local cultural characteristics. 3) Take a correct view of the reasonable interaction between intangible cultural heritage and the economy. On the premise of ensuring that the core of intangible cultural heritage remains unchanged, giving full play to the economic role of intangible cultural heritage and promoting the integration of intangible cultural industry and tourism will not only benefit the development of local folk economy, but the resulting economic benefits can still feed back protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage.