Changes in the composition of bitumen extracts and chemical structure of kerogen during hydrous pyrolysis

The paper presents data on the composition of biomarkers from bitumen extracts and the chemical structure of kerogen from C_org-rich sedimentary rocks before and after hydrothermal treatment in an autoclave at 300°C. Samples selected for this study are kukersite and Ordovician Dictyonema shale from the Baltics, Domanik oil shale from the Ukhta region, Upper Permian brown coal from the Pre-Ural foredeep, carbonaceous shale from the Oxfordian horizon of the Russian plate, and Upper Jurassic oil shales from the Sysola oil shale bearing region. The rocks contain type I, II, III, and II-S kerogens. The highest yield of extractable bitumen is achieved for Type II-S kerogen, whereas Type III kerogen produces the lowest amount of bitumen. The stages of organic matter thermal maturation achieved during the experiments correspond to a transition from PC_2–3 to MC_1–2. The ¹³C NMR data on kerogen indicate that the aromatic structures of geopolymers underwent significant changes.