2022年南黄海绿潮分布与浮游生物群落关系初探

本文以2022年南黄海(119 °E~122.5 °E, 34.5°N~37°N)表层海水浮游生物为对象, 利用高通量测序技术分析绿潮期间浮游生物群落结构特征,同时对环境要素进行调查,综合分析环境与浮游生物分布之间的潜在关联, 为掌握南黄海绿潮的生态效应提供依据。结果表明, 2022年7月上旬调查期间南黄海绿潮浒苔生物量湿重估计值为7.24×10⁴吨, 分布特征为以山东近岸以及海州湾附近为主要堆积处, 浒苔生物量、浮游植物以及浮游动物与溶解性无机磷酸盐均有着显著的正相关性。浒苔覆盖区域中, 浮游植物和浮游动物都有着较高的丰富度, 甲藻和桡足类为主要优势种, 属水平下包括: 新角藻、未分类到属的共甲藻、薮枝螅水母、尖头溞等。与无浒苔覆盖的区域相比, 该区域优势种相对单一, 导致次生灾害发生的可能性大。浮游细菌群落调查中发现脱硫单胞菌纲和优势种γ-变形菌纲都与浒苔生物量有着紧密的联系, 其中脱硫单胞菌与浒苔生物量呈显著性正相关, γ-变形菌纲与浒苔生物量呈显著性负相关。相关性分析表明, 浮游细菌多样性与环境中总溶解性氮、磷以及溶解性有机氮呈显著性相关, 结合浒苔与环境因子相关性分析, 浒苔绿潮的发生可以为某些浮游细菌提供生长所需的营养物质。共线性网络分析表明, 在绿潮发生的浒苔覆盖区域, 浮游生物丰富度高且关系紧密复杂, 因此浒苔绿潮对浮游生物的群落结构以及丰富度有潜在的影响。

Relationship between green tide distribution and plankton community in the South Yellow Sea in 2022

This study evaluated the plankton community in surface waters of the South Yellow Sea (119 °E–122.5 °E, 34.5 °N–37 °N) in 2022. A high-throughput sequencing technique was used to analyze the characteristics of biological community structure during green tide. Simultaneously, environmental elements were investigated, and the potential relationship between the environment and the distribution of plankton was comprehensively analyzed. The purpose of this study aimed to provide a basis for understanding the ecological effects of green tide in the South Yellow Sea. The results showed that the estimated total wet weight of green tide in the South Yellow Sea in early July 2022, was 7.24 tons, which mainly accumulated near the Shandong coast and Haizhou Bay. Ulva prolifera biomass, phytoplankton, and zooplankton were significantly positively correlated with inorganic phosphate. In the covered area of Ulva prolifera, phytoplankton and zooplankton had high richness. Dinophyta and Copepoda were the main dominant species, including Neoceratium, unclassified Syndiniales, Obelia, and Penilia. Compared with the area without Ulva prolifera, the dominant species in this area was relatively single, leading to the possibility of secondary disasters. Upon investigation the bacterioplankton community, Desulfuromonadia and Gammaproteobacteria were found to be closely related to the Ulva prolifera biomass. Significantly positive and negative correlations were noted between Ulva prolifera biomass and Desulfuromonadia and Gammaproteobacteria, respectively. The correlation analysis revealed that phytoplankton diversity was mainly affected by total dissolved nitrogen, phosphorus, and dissolved organic nitrogen in the environment. The correlation analysis between Ulva prolifera and environmental factors demonstrated that the occurrence of green tide could provide suitable environmental conditions for some bacterioplankton. The co-occurrence network of plankton communities showed that the abundance of plankton is high and the relationship is closely complex in the area covered byUlva prolifera during the green tide. Therefore, the green tide of Ulva prolifera has a potential impact on the community structure and richness of plankton.