西南丘陵山地区土地整理与区域生态安全研究

开展土地整理是实现土地可持续利用的重要途径,不同区域土地整理的目标、任务侧重点各不相同。对于生态脆弱、生态区位非常重要的西南地区而言,其丘陵山地区土地整理的目标必须与区域生态安全的目标相一致。本文从国际国内土地整理的发展趋势以及土地整理目标区域分工的角度,论述西南丘陵山地区土地整理与区域生态安全之间的关系,提出西南丘陵山地区土地整理的首要目标是确保区域生态安全,小流域土地整理是实现该区域生态安全的典型模式。

A study on the issue of land consolidation and eco-security in hilly and mountainous regions of Southwest China

This essay is intended to discuss the relationship of land consolidation and eco security in hilly and mountainous regions of Southwest China based on the development trends of land consolidation at home and abroad and from the angle of target regional division of labour of land consolidation. It points out, as a typical eco friable region, to ensure the eco security is the first important target of land consolidation in the hilly and mountainous regions of Southwest China. The regional eco location is especially important because it is located in the upper reaches or headwaters of great rivers such as Changjiang, Zhujiang, Lancang rivers, etc. and it is one of the typical regions with plentiful biodiversities. Investigation and analysis indicate that not only the natural ecosystem is vulnerable in the hilly and mountainous regions of Southwest China, but also it's the role of eco protective screen is weakening.For example, the reality rate of forest coverage is far more low the theory lowest vegetation cover rate in Southwest China except Yunnan province. Thus, the regional eco security, especially the land resource security is facing numerous threats. As a natural water collecting unit and an integral land ecosystem, it is regarded the small watershed land consolidation is the representative pattern of land consolidation to ensure the safety of the regional land resources and regional eco security and realize regional sustainable development of the hilly and mountainous regions in Southwest China.The model's core concept is to allot different land consolidation countermeasures suitable for the features and ideal function of different landform positions of small watershed in order to realize different targets of land consolidation. That is to say, to arrange the macro countermeasures of land consolidation according to the special characteristics of the land ecosystem of small watershed, such as to adjust the land use structure, and allocate micro countermeasures of different standard according to the features of different landform positions, such as to close hillside to facilitate afforestation in the watershed regions, to return farmland to forest and grassland on steep slopes exceeding 25 degrees,to build terraced fields in areas where the slope ranges from 8～25 degrees, and to develop flood land.