新疆湿地资源时空变化特征及其原因分析研究

以新疆第一次（2000年）和第二次（2011年）湿地资源调查中相同的347块湿地为研究对象，利用3S技术，对CBERS、SPOT5和LandsatTM遥感数据进行调查监测，并结合野外实地验证，比较分析新疆湿地资源的时空变化状况及其原因。结果表明，新疆湿地总面积呈减少的趋势，其中河流湿地和沼泽湿地面积增加，分别增加29162 hm²和17130 hm²，湖泊湿地和人工湿地面积减少，分别减少126618 hm²和19391 hm²；各湿地型中，永久性河流、草本沼泽、森林沼泽和季节性咸水沼泽面积有所增加，洪泛平原、内陆盐沼、永久性 淡水湖、季节性淡水湖、季节性咸水湖和库塘湿地面积减少。新疆湿地面积总变化率-7%，各湿地类型中，面积变化率最大的是湖泊湿地（18%），呈减少趋势；最小的是沼泽湿地（5%），呈增加趋势。湿地面积变化的主要原因是气候变化和人类活动。

Study on the Spatio-Temporal Variation of Wetland Resources in Xinjiang and Its Response to Climate Change

In this study, 347 wetland areas in Xinjiang, investigated in two earlier studies, were examined in detail. Using 3S technology, CBERS-CCD, SPOT5, and LandsatTM remote sensing data, which were verified in the field, were used to compare the spatio-temporal variation of the wetland resources in Xinjiang in 2000 and in 2011. The reasons behind the changes were then analyzed. The results showed that the total wetland area in Xinjiang declined during the period. River wetland and marsh wetland areas increased to 29162 and 17130 hm², respectively, while lake wetland and artificial wetland areas reduced to 126618 and 19391 hm², respectively. In the different wetland types, the areas of permanent rivers, marshes, forests-swamps, and seasonal brackish marshes increased, while the areas of flood plains, inland salt marshes, permanent freshwater lakes, seasonal freshwater lakes, seasonal saltwater lakes, and reservoirs decreased. The total change rate of wetlands in Xinjiang was -7%. Among the 4 principal types of wetland, the change rate of lake wetland was the largest (-18%) and the change rate of marsh wetland was the smallest (5%). The main reasons for the changes in wetland areas were climate change and human activities.