The large penumbra: Long-distance effects of artificial beach nourishment on Posidonia oceanica meadows |
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| Institution: | 1. Agència Catalana de l’Aigua (ACA), C. Provença 204, Barcelona 08036, Spain;2. Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CSIC), C/Acc. Cala S. Francesc, 14, Girona 17300, Spain;4. Departament d’Ecologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain;1. Center for Natural Resources Development and Protection, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA;2. Center for Offshore Oil, Gas and Energy Research, Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada;3. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA;1. Centro de Investigación de Tecnología de Vehículos (CITV), Universitat Politècnica de València, E-46022-Valencia, Spain;2. LaCaN, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya & CIMNE, Barcelona, Spain;1. Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, Département des Sciences de la Vie, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, BP 1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia;2. Secció de Parasitologia, Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, sn, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;3. Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;1. Service of Infectious Diseases, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/ Feixa Llarga, s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain;2. Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;3. Clinical Unit of Pneumology, Hospital San Agustín, C/ Camino de Heros, 4, 33400 Avilés, Asturias, Spain;4. Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre – Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), C/ Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain;5. Unit of Tuberculosis Valle de Hebron, Institute of Research in Primary Assistance Jordi Gol, Unidad Clínica de Tratamiento Directamente Observado “Servicios Clínicos”, C/ Garcia Mariño, 4, 08022 Barcelona, Spain;6. Unit of Tuberculosis, Infectious Diseases, Service of Internal Medicine, Complexo Hospitalario de Pontevedra, 36001 Pontevedra, Spain;7. Service of Preventive Medicine, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera del Canyet, s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain;8. Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics-Gynecology and Preventive Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;9. Service of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Calle Dulzaina, 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain;10. Service of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases, Hospital Son Llàtzer, Carretera de Manacor, 4, 07198 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;11. Unit of Tuberculosis Control, Hospital Universitario Mutua de Terrassa, Pza. Dr Robert, 5, 08224, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain;12. Unit of Tuberculosis, Service of Pneumology, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, C/ San Cibrao, 27003 Lugo, Spain;13. Service of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Hospital de Jerez, Ctra. Circunvalación, s/n, 11407, Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz, Spain;14. Service of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Hospital del Mar, Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;15. Service of Microbiology, Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol; Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol; Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Carretera del Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain;1. Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Cardiology Department, Rome, Italy;2. Thorax Institute, Department of Cardiology, Institut d''Investigacions Biomediques Agust Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain;3. Department of Cardiology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain;1. CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain;2. IREC, Barcelona, Spain;3. GALVANO-T, Windeck, Germany;4. CARMAN, Madrid, Spain;5. TRINOS VACUUM, Valencia, Spain |
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| Abstract: | We used modelling and field approaches to assess the influence of beach nourishment on a relatively distant Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadow in the NW Mediterranean. Both sediment transport models and in situ observations showed that, two years after the nourishment and under wave climates prevalent during the study period, sediment movement was restricted to shallow waters (<7 m), above meadow shallow limit. The only significant impact on seagrass meadows during this period was an increase in fine sediments, associated with vertical rhizome growth rates 1.5–1.7 times higher than normal. However, running the model with data of wave climate over several decades indicates that strong storms able to transfer these sediments much deeper, potentially burying meadows, occur with a return period of about 25 years. Taken together, our results suggest that beach nourishment could result in significant sub-lethal and lethal consequences for seagrasses that may go unnoticed with short-term evaluations. |
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| Keywords: | Seagrass Rhizome growth Beach nourishment Morphodynamic modelling Storm Mediterranean Sea |
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