Human health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from consumption of blood cockle and exposure to contaminated sediments and water along the Klang Strait,Malaysia |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;2. Department of Environmental Engineering, Midwestern State University, Paraná, Brazil;3. Institute of Biology, Department of Chemistry-Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Germany;1. Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Departamento de Química, Jardim Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão, SE 449100-000, Brazil;2. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Química, Campus Universitário Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | The concentration of carcinogenic poly aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs) present in water and sediment of Klang Strait as well as in the edible tissue of blood cockle (Anadara granosa) was investigated.The human health risk of c-PAHs was assessed in accordance with the standards of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). The cancer risks of c-PAHs to human are expected to occur through the consumption of blood cockles or via gastrointestinal exposure to polluted sediments and water in Kalng Strait. The non-carcinogenic risks that are associated with multiple pathways based on ingestion rate and contact rates with water were higher than the US EPA safe level at almost all stations, but the non-carcinogenic risks for eating blood cockle was below the level of US EPA concern. A high correlation between concentrations of c-PAHs in different matrices showed that the bioaccumulation of c-PAHs by blood cockles could be regarded as a potential health hazard for the consumers. |
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| Keywords: | Toxicity assessment Carcinogenic risk for human consumption PAHs Malaysia |
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