成因矿物学在中国的传播与发展

成因矿物学是现代矿物学的重要组成部分。它研究矿物与矿物组合的时空分布、矿物各内外属性间的关联、矿物形成与变化的条件和过程、矿物与其介质间的相互作用及相应的宏微观标志、和矿物成因分类及矿物成因信息的应用等方面的内容。矿物发生史、矿物标型学、矿物温压计、矿物共生分析和矿物成因分类共同构成本学科的理论体系。其中，矿物标型学是该体系的核心。以陈光远先生为代表的中国矿物学家，在20世纪下半叶，创新性地开展了成因矿物族的研究，建立了完善的成因矿物学理论体系，提出矿物标型六性和矿物学填图的四化法则，提出变质岩、花岗岩、铅锌铁金辰砂萤石等矿床的矿物成因标型和找矿标志，有力地指导了中国的地质研究和找矿实践。进入21世纪以来，矿物学填图参数和方法被进一步发掘和完善，矿物磁学和近红外谱学等便捷填图手段得到广泛应用；大纵深蚀变矿化和矿物标型分带规律得以揭示；矿物标型的地球动力学、构造动力学和矿物系统的演化意义得到深度阐释；成因矿物学作为环境与生命过程研究的指导思想，逐步形成了环境与生命矿物学新分支，将矿物个体发生及矿物标型的思想用于对鱼耳石和有孔虫等生物矿物环境响应的研究，将矿物生物交互作用思想用于土壤能量系统修复研究，将矿物环境耦合思想用于生物有机质对矿物自组装结构和过程的调控研究以及海洋矿物对海洋及大气环境的指示研究等，极大地丰富了矿物发生学和矿物标型学的理论。今后应注意有关成果的系统整合，加强矿物个体发生史的实验研究，保障原创性成果的产出；要注重国际交流，使我国成因矿物学的成果真正成为人类的共同精神财富。

On the dissemination and development of genetic mineralogy in China

Genetic mineralogy is an important part of modern mineralogy.The following are the major components of genetic mineralogy: the temporal and spatial distribution of minerals and their assemblages,the linkage among various internal and external properties of minerals,the physico-chemical conditions of formation and transformation of minerals,the interaction between minerals and surrounding media and the macroscopic and microscopic signatures for these,and the genetic classification of minerals and the application of mineral genesis information.The ontogeny and phylogeny of minerals,their typomorphism,the thermobarometry,the paragenetic analysis and genetic classification of minerals constitute the discipline of genetic mineralogy,among which typomorphism is the core of the system.During the second half of the 20th century,the Chinese mineralogists led by Professor Guang-Yuan Chen made innovative advances and constituted genetic mineralogical groups,established the theoretical system of genetic mineralogy,brought forth 6 basic properties of mineral typomorphism and 4 rules for mineralogical mapping,and summarized the genetic typomorphism and ore-prospecting criteria of minerals from metamorphic and magmatic rock on a variety of mineral deposits including lead,zinc,iron,gold,mercury,fluorite and other deposits,thus efficiently guiding the geological research and ore prospecting in China.In the first decade of this century,parameters and methodology of mineralogical mapping have been further explored and improved developing convenient and fast means through the application of mineral magnetics and near infrared spectroscopy.Several regularities were discovered on the zoning,alteration in relation to depth,nature of mineralization as well as mineral typomorphism.The various factors related to the significance of mineral typomorphism were explained in depth in geodynamic and tectonic perspectives.A new branch of mineralogy-environmental biological mineralogy-gradually grew up expanding the realm of genetic mineralogy as its guiding theory.Genetic mineralogy is greatly enriched by the studies of environmental response of biominerals such as those in fish otolith,bivalve shell,foraminifera,etc.;by the studies of soil energy system restoration utilizing mineral wasters;by the studies of organism controlling self-assembled hierarchical structures of biominerals;and by the studies of ocean mineral reflecting oceanic and atmospheric environments.Systematic integration of previous achievements,and experimental study on mineral ontogeny leading to original and innovative research results are important for further advancements in the field of genetic mineralogy,and international exchange is necessary to make genetic mineralogical achievements to enrich the knowledge base and benefit the whole human society.