渭河咸阳至宝鸡段冬季水鸟群落多样性初步研究

为厘清渭河越冬水鸟年度变化情况及各种人为干扰对越冬水鸟的影响,2016—2018年对渭河咸阳至宝鸡段越冬水鸟进行了监测。结果表明:(1)该区域共记录越冬水鸟33种,隶属于7目12科25属,其中国家重点保护鸟类6种;(2)雁形目鸭科鸟类物种最多,达15种,水鸟优势种为赤麻鸭、斑嘴鸭、绿翅鸭、绿头鸭、普通秋沙鸭;(3)2018年Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和均匀性指数均最高,2016年水鸟群落的丰富度指数最高;(4)人为干扰对水鸟的影响较大,但多以中度干扰和较弱干扰为主,在人为干扰和非人为干扰状态下,水鸟物种数差异不显著,水鸟总数量差异显著。在不同干扰类型下,水鸟物种数差异显著,水鸟总数量差异不显著。

Diversity of Wintering Waterbirds Communities in Xianyang to Baoji Reaches of Wei River

To investigate the annual changes and the impacts of human disturbance on wintering waterbirds of Wei River,a survey was conducted in the wintering waterbirds communities in Xianyang to Baoji reaches of the Wei River from 2016 to 2018.Results showed that:(1)33 species of waterbirds belonging to 25 genera and 12 families of 7 orders in this region were recorded,6 species of them were protected with national priority.(2)Waterbirds of the Anatidae were the dominant group both in species and population.There were 15 species of Anatidae ducks,6 of which include Ruddy Shelduck(Tadorna ferruginea),Eastern Spot-billed Duck(Anas zonorhyncha),Green-winged Teal(Anas crecca),Mallard(Anas platyrhynchos),Common Merganser(Mergus merganser),and Great Cormorant(Phalacrocorax carbo)were dominant groups.(3)The diversity index of waterbirds community showed that both Shannon-Wiener diversity index and evenness index in this region in 2018 were the highest,and the Margalef index was the highest in 2017.Various human disturbances have a great impact on waterbirds,but most of them were mainly intermediate disturbances and weak disturbances.There was no significant difference in the number of waterbirds species between disturbed and non-disturbed conditions,significant in the population of waterbirds,and in the number of waterbirds species between different disturbed types.There was no significant difference in the population of waterbirds among different disturbed types.Continuous monitoring showed that the closure of river sand quarries and other facilities contributed to the improvement of the waterbirds habitat.