黑洞证认的新进展

黑洞是广义相对论的一个重要理论问题，它的存在与否一直是物理学家和天文学家关心的焦点。特别是由于近几年大量先进的观测设备投入使用和观测方法的改进，使得黑洞证认工作有了巨大的进展，成为当今天文学的一个热点。重点综述了恒星级黑洞和星系核的超大质量黑洞的各种天文观测证据，并介绍了与黑洞相关的天体物理学的一些重要前沿。讨论了正在开展的国际重大项目和探索原初黑洞的初步结果，并且展望了未来寻找黑洞天文观测证据的前景和对观测研究的建议。

Evidence for Black Holes

As an important test for General Relativity, the existence of a black hole is always the focus of physicists and astronomers. Particularly in these years, since a large number of advanced observational facilities are put into use and the techniques improved, the search for the evidence for black holes have made great progress, becoming one of astronomical researching hotspots. In this paper, evidence for stellar black holes and super-massive bIack holes in galactic nuclei is reviewed, and the great advances in black hole astrophysics are also introduced. Finally, we discuss some great developing projects and the primary results of pursuing primordial black holes. The suggestions for observations and the respect of astronomical evidence for black holes are put forward.