Simultaneous observations of the near-earth and distant geomagnetic tail during a substorm by ISEE-1, ISEE-3 and geostationary spacecraft |
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| Institution: | Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BZ, U.K.;Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, 8046 Garching, F.R.G.;Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, U.S.A.;Max-Planck-Institut für Aeronomie, 3411 Katlenburg-Lindau, F.R.G.;Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, U.S.A.;Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, U.S.A. |
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| Abstract: | The structure of the geomagnetic tail during a substorm is investigated by combining plasma, magnetic field and energetic particle data from the ISEE-3 spacecraft in the deep tail with similar near-Earth observations from ISEE-1 and geostationary spacecraft. The observations can be interpreted in terms of the neutral-line model of substorms and indicate the formation of a closed-loop field region (“plasmoid”) following substonn onset, which is ejected down the tail. The plasmoid is observed to have a double-loop field structure. This may be the result of a second substonn onset occurring ≈ 25 min after the first, producing a further near-Earth neutral line and closed field loop. During the substorm recovery phase, the substonn neutral line moves tailward to beyond 130 RE from Earth by some 3 h after substorm onset. |
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