全球升温对中国区域温度纬向梯度的影响

利用中国气象中心160站点的实际观察资料,对中国半个世纪的气温变化分时间段进行了计算分析。用各个站点52年的气温序列斜率与纬度和海拔分别做了相关分析,发现气温变化幅度和纬度有着很好的相关性,特别是在冬季;但气温变化和海拔没有相关性。另外,通过对不同季节的温度变化情况进行计算和纬向分析,发现随着全球气温的持续上升,气温的纬向梯度在变小,变化的幅度是冬季大、夏季小,高纬度地区大、低纬度地区小。最后指出造成气温纬度梯度减小的主要原因是大陆度随纬度的不同分布。

Impact of Global Warming on Latitudinal Temperature Gradients in China

Global warming or any climate change may cause changes in other geographical elements,including changes in sea level,amount and pattern of precipitation,climate patterns and various other forms of climate change.Such changes can trigger various detrimental effects by causing flood,drought,heat wave,reduction of agricultural yield or in extreme circumstances,and cause mass extinction.The temperature variation in China is so complicated that even the temperature trends are completely different in the same period,with temperature increase trend in some areas but with temperature decrease trend in some other areas.So it is very significant to discover the global warming impacts in China and find the regional response laws to global warming.In this paper,the data set of 160 National Meteorological Observatory stations with long-term monthly temperature data for China has been analyzed to discover the warming pattern in China,i.e.finding the variation of temperature gradients in the past half century.By calculation and analysis,it is found that,with the global warming in the past half-century,the latitudinal temperature gradient became smaller and smaller,with a bigger magnitude in winter than in summer and a larger quantum in higher latitude than in lower latitude.The variation of the latitudinal temperature gradients in China is due to the different continentalities of the areas with different latitudes.And the stronger the continentality,the larger amplitude the temperature change will be.Also,it is found that the temperature changes of different seasons are asynchronous.Although human activities are contributing more and more to climate change,landforms and latitude effects seemed to be dominating factors influencing the spatial distribution of climate change of China in the 20th century.