2000～2010 年环渤海省市海岸带土地利用变化分析

作为陆海生态系统的交错带,海岸带是地表生态系统最为脆弱的地带,研究海岸带土地利用变化具有重要意义。以环渤海省市海岸带为研究区,基于2000、2005和2010年的Landsat TM/ETM遥感影像进行多时相海岸带土地利用制图,进而分析10 a间的土地利用变化特征,包括土地利用结构、土地利用动态度、土地利用程度区域差异和海陆梯度、海陆格局变化等特征。结果表明:(1)环渤海省市海岸带土地利用以耕地、建设用地和人工湿地为主,2010年比例分别为36.09%、17.16%和15.72%,不同行政单元及不同缓冲带之间土地利用结构空间差异明显。(2)2000~2005年、2005~2010年,土地利用发生转移的面积分别为2 126.419 km2和3 092.39 km2,建设用地扩展占用耕地、人工湿地和滨海自然湿地,以及滨海自然湿地变为人工湿地是主导的变化过程,但不同行政单元及不同缓冲带之间土地利用变化的空间差异明显。(3)2000~2005年、2005~2010年,综合土地利用动态度分别为0.73%和1.06%,17个地市级行政单元综合土地利用动态度以东营和天津较高,各缓冲带内综合土地利用动态度均为随时间不断增加,空间上则由海向陆波动下降。(4)2000~2010年,土地利用程度总体上不断升高,表明海岸带土地利用处于发展期,除沧州和潍坊,其他区域土地利用程度随时间不断上升;各缓冲带土地利用程度均随时间不同程度增长,空间上则由海向陆波动上升。

Analysis of land use change in the coastal zone of Circum the Bohai Sea Region during 2000 to 2010

As the ecotone between ocean and terrestrial ecosystem, coastal zone area is the most vulnerable area of the ecological system. Therefore, it is of great significance to perform the study on land use/cover change. In this paper, the terrestrial area of 10 km buffer zone to the coastline of Circum the Bohai Sea Region was selected as the study area. Based on Landsat TM/ETM images captured in 2000, 2005 and 2010, the land use maps in multi-years were got. Then the characteristics of land use change in the coastal zone of Circum the Bohai Sea Region during 2000 to 2010 were analyzed by several methods and spatial analysis techniques. The results showed that: (1) In 2010, farmland was the main land use type in the study area which accounted for 36.09% of the total area; followed by buid-up area and human made (saltwater) wetland, which accounted for 17.16% and 15.72% respectively. Significant differences of land use could be found among different administrative regions and from the sea to the land. (2) The area of land use that have changed in the coastal zone of Circum the Bohai Sea Region during 2000 to 2005 and 2005 to 2010 were 2 126.419 km² and 3 092.39 km² respectively. Particularly, farmland and wetland converted to build-up area and coastal saltwater converted to human made wetland were the predominant land use transitions. Significant differences of land use transition were existed among different administrative regions and from the sea to the land. (3) The comprehensive land use dynamics degree of the whole study area was 0.73% from 2000 to 2005 and 1.06% from 2005 to 2010 respectively. The comprehensive land use dynamics degree of Dongying and Tianjin was relatively high among 17 cities. The comprehensive land use dynamics degree of each buffer zone increased over time, and decreased from the sea to the land. (4) Land use intensity both in the whole study area and its 17 cities increased over time, except for Cangzhou and Weifang. Land use intensity of each buffer zone increased over time, and increased from the sea to the land.