鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程水位调控方案的探讨

利用历史水文资料、越冬候鸟分布调查资料及基础地理数据等, 从鄱阳湖形态的历史演变和鄱阳湖越冬候鸟生境保护的角度, 探讨鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程的水位调控方案。研究得到以下结论和建议:(1) 在维持鄱阳湖形态不变的情况下, 为有效保护越冬候鸟生境不受水利枢纽工程水位调控的影响, 工程调控水位不宜超过12 m, 但由于低水位运行不利于水利枢纽工程工程效益的发挥, 而高水位运行不利于越冬候鸟栖息地的保护, 为调和工程效益和候鸟保护之间的矛盾, 建议实施适当退田还湖, 以促进鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程的规划实施;(2) 根据地形、越冬候鸟分布范围、圩堤内居民点分布以及圩堤内土地利用现状, 提出了约640 km²实施退田还湖范围;(3) 以退田还湖为前提, 按照“调枯不调洪”原则, 提出鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程的水位调控方案, 为工程的推进和实施提供参考。

A study on the scheme of water level regulation of the Poyang Lake hydraulic project

Poyang Lake is an important flood mediation lake of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It is also recognized as an important international wetland that provides key wintering habitats for migratory birds. Therefore the proposal for construction of the Poyang Lake hydraulic project has aroused a broad attention from ecologists, environmental protection organizations and the public. Referencing historical hydrological data, distribution data of wintering migratory birds and basic geographical data, and from the perspectives of historical regimes of lake shape and ecological protection of wintering migratory birds, this article presents a study on the scheme of water level regulation of the Poyang Lake Hydraulic Project. The study achieved the following conclusions and suggestions: (1) under the scenario of keeping the lake shape unchanged and protecting the habitats of wintering migratory birds from being affected by the water level regulation of the hydraulic project, the engineering controlled water level should not be higher than 12 meters. Because lower water level does not benefit from the hydraulic project and higher water level does not favor the protection of wintering migratory birds, to balance the interests of engineering benefits and habitat protection, we suggest that certain farmland areas should be returned to lake use in order to promote the execution of the proposed hydraulic project. (2) Based on the information about topography, distribution of migratory birds, residential areas and land use patterns within existing levees, we suggest the area of about 640 km² should be returned from enclosed lowland to lake use. (3) With the scenario of returning farmland to lake use and following the principle 'regulating lake level in dry season but not in flood season', we put forward the scheme of water level regulation of the Poyang Lake hydraulic project as a reference for the promotion and execution of the proposed hydraulic engineering.