中国纺织服装产业的区位迁移

纺织服装业因其自身产业特点和发展特征, 一直是国内研究的热点, 被认为是最早实现全球产业转移和最具有产业转移特征的重要产业之一。通过构建产业结构变动系数来描绘纺织服装业区位迁移的基本格局, 结果表明:① 纺织服装产业的结构变动相对稳定且集中于东部地区;② 结构变化地域分异明显, 沿海大于内陆, 东部大于中部, 中部又高于西部和东北, 东部沿海的浙江、广东、江苏、山东、上海和福建, 中部的湖北和河南, 以及东北的辽宁, 纺织服装业的结构变化系数均高于全国平均水平, 西部地区的多数省份则较低;③ 结构变动系数的大小取决于当地经济发展、区位性和结构性因素。采用偏离-份额模型将中国纺织服装业发展分解为结构效应和空间效应, 以此阐述中国纺织服装业区位迁移的内在规律。结果表明:① 河南、安徽和江西已经成为东部纺织服装业转移的主要承接地区;② 纺织服装业的区位迁移在竞争效应和纯空间竞争效应上具有一致性, 说明产业的地理分布主要受到区位优势的影响;③ 明显的结构负效应说明纺织服装业的产业结构有待于进一步优化。

Location shift of textile and garment industry in China

Due to its uniqueness and developmental characteristics, textile and garment industry has been a top research topic, and been considered as the first to go through global relocation and one of the important industries with characteristics of industrial relocation. This study found that structural changes in textile and garment industry are relatively stable, concentrated in the eastern region. By introducing the coefficient of structural change in the industry to describe the pattern of the location shift Structural changes show striking differences between the regions, with the changes in the coastal region greater than the inland region, the eastern region greater than the mid region, the mid region in turn greater than the western and northeastern region. The structural change coefficient values in Zhejiang, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shandong, Shanghai and Fujian in the coastal region, Hubei and Henan in the mid region, and Liaoning in the northeastern part are all higher than the average value of the country; the coefficient values in most provinces of the western parts are clearly lower. The value of structural change coefficient is determined by the level of regional economic growth, location, and structural factors. In order to study the driving mechanism of location shift of textile and garment industry, a modified classic “shift-share”analysis is conducted on the structural and spatial effects of the development of the industry separately, using the economic data from 31 provinces divided into 8 regions. The analysis shows that Henan, Anhui and Jiangxi have become target areas and the models of textile and garment industrial relocation in the eastern region; there is a consistency between the competitive effects and net spatial competitive effects of the industry’s location shift.