北京市生产性服务业空间集聚综合测度

全球经济服务化趋势增强、生产性服务业成为国际大都市主导产业和增长动力背景下,中国大城市正向服务经济迈进,生产性服务业的空间集聚成为影响城市空间重构和功能提升的重要力量。以北京市为案例区,基于基本单位普查和经济普查的大样本企业数据,运用Theil系数、空间基尼系数、赫芬代尔系数、EG指数、空间自相关模型和地理联系率进行城市生产性服务业空间集聚的综合测度研究。结果表明:①基于就业人数的城市生产性服务业空间差异更为明显且呈现扩大趋势,功能区间发展差异的贡献最大。②街区尺度生产性服务业区域集聚程度和企业集中程度均存在时间波动性和行业异质性,控制企业规模的产业集聚普遍存在,但空间集聚程度普遍较低。③城市生产性服务业就业分布呈现显著的空间关联性,首都功能核心区是高密度区与高密度区邻近的集中区域。④流通、信息、商务和科技服务相对于生产性服务业的空间集聚一致性较高,流通、商务和科技服务之间以及信息与科技服务之间的空间集聚一致性较高。

Comprehensive assessment on the spatial agglomeration of producer services in Beijing

The world industrial structure presents a general trend that the industry economy is transforming to service economy and producer services are becoming the leading industries and driving factors of economic growth in metropolises.Under this background,Chinese metropolises are moving into service economy,(and)spatial agglomeration of producer services(SAPS)is now the major driver of urban spatial reconstruction and functional improvement.Using large data sample of enterprises in Beijing,which was collected from basic unit census in 1996 and 2001 and economic census in 2004 and 2008,the comprehensive assessment on the SAPS was conducted.The main results are shown as follows.Firstly,the disparity of employment is greater than that of enterprises and the overall disparity was widened rapidly in 1996-2008.Secondly,during 1996-2008,the curves of regional concentration degree rose,showing N shaped and U-shaped trends,while enterprise concentration degree fell,showing inverted U-shaped and U-shaped trends.And the spatial concentration curves reflecting enterprise scale presented a rising,falling,N-shaped and U-shaped pattern.Thirdly,the employment distribution of producer services exhibited not only significant spatial autocorrelation,but also time volatility and industrial heterogeneity. Finally,the spatial concentration of circulation,information,business and technology services are consistent with that of producer services.Circulation service had better consistency with business service and technology service in spatial concentration,so did information service with technology service,business service with circulation and technology service,and technology service with circulation,information and business services.