闸坝的水文水环境效应及其量化方法探讨

如何正确处理流域开发与生态环境保护的关系,客观评价闸坝对生态环境的影响,是我国流域管理中亟待解决的科学问题之一。本文从河流的自然特性入手,剖析了闸坝修建和调控引起的水文水环境效应,探讨了闸坝对河流水量水质影响评价的理论基础、关键内容和技术手段等,提出了基于流域水循环过程认识和模拟的闸坝效应量化体系和分析方法;并以我国水利工程最密集、污染最严重的淮河流域为例,初步探索了流域闸坝的水文水环境效应。研究可为多闸坝调控流域水资源开发利用和水污染治理提供理论支持,为实现流域综合管理及社会经济可持续发展作出贡献。

The hydrologic-environmental effects of dams and sluices and the assessment frameworks

How to resolve the conflicting relationship between basin development and the protection of ecological environment, and to provide an objective assessment of the effects of dams and sluices on the environment, have become one of pressing scientific challenges and a new task of great significance. From the perspective of the natural characteristics of rivers, this paper explores the theories, key topics, and methodologies for the analysis of hydrological and environmental effects of dams and sluices, i.e., quantity and quality of waters, and proposes a quantitative framework to study and simulate water cycle at the river basin scale. As a case study in Huai river basin, one of the areas with most water projects and most polluted water, this paper presents a preliminary analysis of the effects of dams and sluices on the hydrological environment of the area. This study provides a theoretical basis for the management of water resources and control of water pollutions in the areas of dam-sluice regulated river basins, and contributes to the strategies for comprehensive management of river basins and for sustainable socio-economical development of the country.