景区内旅游小企业发展的驱动机制——西递村案例研究

采用参与观察、深度访谈等定性研究方法,通过追溯西递村旅游发展历程发现,企业家精神、市场需求是旅游小企业产生的内外因素,旅游治理模式的变迁对内外因素均产生了重要影响。根据政府、社区和第三部门(遗产保护组织)的介入程度,将西递旅游治理划分为三个阶段,即村民自发参与的社区模式,政府、社区和第三部门共同参与的网络模式,以及政府指挥和控制能力强化的层级模式。在治理模式变迁过程中,政府的指挥和控制能力不断强化,政府的利益诉求引发了旅游市场的结构性变化,导致旅游小企业经营特征和空间结构的演化;同时,社区居民的企业家精神和模仿创新能力受到影响,旅游小企业的发展速度和规模呈现不同的阶段特征。研究显示,治理模式的优化是实现景区内旅游小企业可持续发展的关键所在。

Driving mechanism of the small tourism firms development in scenic areas:A case study of Xidi Village

Qualitative research methodology is used in this study, such as participant observation and in-depth interview. Based on reviewing the progress of tourism development in Xidi village, it has been found that entrepreneurship and tourism demands are the critical internal and external factors in the development of the small tourism firms (STFs), and both factors have exerted great influence on the governance model. Three stages of governance model have been identified by the intervention degree of government, community and the third sector (e.g., Heritage Protection Organizations). The three stages are the community governance model with spontaneous community participation, the network governance model featuring the joint controls by government, community and the third sector, and the hierarchy governance model with government's constantly strengthening commands and controls. Along with the changes in governance model, government's commands and controls have been strengthened continuously, while government's interest demands led to structural changes in the tourism markets, which caused the changes in the operating characteristics and spatial structure of the STFs. Meanwhile, the entrepreneurship and imitative innovation capacity of the residents have been influenced, hence the development pace and scale of the STFs presented different features in different stages. As indicated by the research findings, the optimization of governance model is the key point to the sustainable development of the STFs.