基于生态足迹模型的大庆市可持续发展动态评估

生态足迹作为定量测度区域可持续发展程度的有效指标，其核心是测量人类对自然生态服务的需求和自然所提供的生态服务之间的差距，使人类认识到自身生存发展对生态系统构成的压力状况，进而协助人类做出明智的选择。该文以我国能源重化工基地大庆市为研究区域，对其1980—2001年的生态足迹计算分析得出，该市1980年人均生态盈余为0．329hm^2，1988年为0．106hm^2；1992年生态足迹人均赤字为0．670hm^2，1996年为2．080hm^2，2001年为2．331hm^2。大庆市20多年来生态足迹由盈余发展到严重的赤字，表明其人口消费需求超过了自然生态系统的承载能力，生态环境呈现逐步恶化的趋势，可持续发展状况不容乐观。最后提出大庆市实现可持续发展的战略对策。

Dynamic Evaluation of Sustainable Development in Daqing City Based on Ecological Footprint Model

Fractal theory is a special theory system to settle sophisticated problems. It has widely and successfully applied in almost every field of natural sciences and social sciences. This paper originally introduces the main contents of the fractal theory and the character and subject system of wetland science. Then, it reduces the main applied fields in wetland science to five aspects, that is, wetland biology and ecology, wetland landscape, wetland agrology, wetland physiognomy and wetland sedimentology. Because fractal theory is not perfect, and the contents in current wetland fractal research are not balanceable, universal and deep etc, fractal theory and its application in wetland science are still confronted with great opportunity and challenge. Finally, this paper forecasts the application prospect of the fractal theory in wetland science, and indicates that its application will promote the depth of wetland quantitative research and contribute to the development of the subject system of wetland science.