蛇绿岩中铬铁矿研究的问题与思考

蛇绿岩中的铬铁矿广泛分布在全球不同时代和地区的造山带中，是工业铬矿的重要来源。金属铬的物理化学性质决定了其耐高温、耐腐蚀和抗氧化等许多特性，是生产不锈钢等特种钢、用于军工、航天等领域的重要战略资源。尽管研究历史悠久，但许多关键的科学问题并没有解决，是地球科学研究的前沿和热点。本文简述了铬铁矿的性质，综述了全球铬铁矿资源的分布与需求现状；通过大数据分析，回顾了铬铁矿的研究历史和进展；概述了蛇绿岩铬铁矿的主要产出特征和地质背景；探讨了研究中存在的关键科学问题，包括蛇绿岩豆荚状铬铁矿成矿母岩浆性质，成矿物质来源和聚集成矿作用以及成矿动力学背景；讨论了铬铁矿成因的不同模式以及相关的高温高压实验岩石学的研究进展；综述了蛇绿岩铬铁矿中新发现的一系列新矿物及其地质意义，提出蛇绿岩铬铁矿是研究俯冲物质深地幔循环和地球深部动力学的重要窗口等新认识。

Chromitites in ophiolites: questions and thoughts

Podiform chromitites in ophiolites widely distributed in global orogenic belts of different locations and ages, and are one of the two main sources for industrial chromium. Despite the long research history, critical scientific problems regarding the origin of chromitites are still unresolved, which are the research fronts and hotspots in Earth science. The global distribution and demand of chromite deposits are analyzed and reviewed in detail. The research history and progress are reviewed on the basis of big data analysis. The geological occurrence and background of podiform chromitites are compared with those of stratiform chromitites. Critical scientific problems, including the nature of parental magmas, material sources, metallogenic mechanisms and metallogenic geodynamic background, are discussed. The formation model and high- temperature and high- pressure experimental studies regarding the origin of podiform chromitites are summarized. The discovery of a series of new minerals and its geological significance are reviewed. We proposed that podiform chromitites and the hosting ophiolites are a new and important window for investigating the deep crustal recycling and geodynamics in deep Earth.