蛤蜊岗滩涂贝类分布及其与环境因子的关系

为探明辽东湾蛤蜊岗潮间带滩涂贝类的物种组成、分布密度和生物量的变化状况,于2011年5月对蛤蜊岗滩涂贝类资源进行了现场调查,采集共获得滩涂贝类16种,其中文蛤、泥螺、四角蛤蜊、托氏琩螺为蛤蜊岗滩涂贝类优势种,青蛤和光滑河蓝蛤为常见种。托氏琩螺的分布密度最高,为83个/m2,四角蛤蜊的平均生物量最大,为178.51 g/m2。蛤蜊岗滩涂贝类的分布呈现从滩涂北部向南部逐渐减少的趋势,滩涂四周的分布密度大于滩涂中间区域。对滩涂贝类分布密度和生物量与底质粒度、有机物含量等环境因子进行相关分析的结果显示:文蛤分布与底质中值粒径呈极显著的负相关性;托氏琩螺分布与底质中有机质含量呈显著的正相关性,而泥螺、四角蛤蜊则与环境因子的关系不显著。调查结果表明,蛤蜊岗滩涂贝类资源丰富,但应加强文蛤自然资源的保护和恢复,同时应加强对托氏琩螺资源的合理开发利用。

Spatial distribution of buried molluscs and their relationship with sediment factors in Geligang

The mollusc community of the Geligang intertidal zone in Liaodong Bay was investigated in the spring of 2013 to identify the components, abundance, and biomass of mollusc species. A total of 16 mollusc species were identified; Bullacta exarata, Meretrix meretrix, Mactra veneriformis, and Umbonium thomasi were the dominant species and Cyclina sinensis and Potamocorbula laevis were common species in the Geligang intertidal flat. U. thomasi and M. veneriformis showed the highest density distribution (83 ind/m²) and biomass (178.51 g/m²), respectively. The density distribution of molluscs gradually decreased from the northern part of the intertidal flat to the southern zones, and it was higher in the round intertidal zone than in the central zone of the Geligang flat. Based on the number of species and environmental factors according to Person correlation analysis, the median grain size and organic matter of the sediment had a great effect on the distribution of M. meretrix and U. thomasi. Our results showed that the Geligang intertidal flat is an important shellfish fishery, and the high abundance and biomass of U. thomasi can be exploited for future uses. In addition, measures should be taken to protect and restore the population of the clam M. meretrix.