艾比湖流域沙尘气候变化趋势及其突变研究

通过艾比湖流域5个气象站建站~2001年的观测资料,对艾比湖流域沙尘气候的变化趋势进行了分析。结果表明,气候发生了明显的变化,主要表现在气温升高,降水增多,但分布不均,沙尘暴、扬沙和大风日数稳定减少,但浮尘日数显著上升,风速分布发生了变化,大风日数的迅速减少还引起蒸发能力的减弱。艾比湖干枯的湖底盐漠面积与该流域沙尘总日数之间存在密切关系,艾比湖水域的伸缩而引发的荒漠化环境变化是造成该流域沙尘天气的主要因素。对艾比湖流域沙尘气候的突变检验结果表明,大风、沙尘暴、扬沙日数的减少和浮尘日数的上升是一种突变现象,这种突变与整个西北气候的变化和艾比湖流域沙漠化条件的变化存在一定的关系。

Study on the Sand-Dust Climate Change Trend and Jump in Ebinur Lake Area

Many researches about the changes of ecology and environment in Ebinur Lake area proved that human activities have resulted in the extension of oases on the one hand, and the increase of saline desert area due to over water\|use for irrigation, industries and living of peoples on the other hand. In this paper, the sand\|dust climate change trend in Ebinur Lake area was studied through analysis on the measured data of 5 weather stations in the study area from 1961\_2001. The results show that climate has changed obviously, the air temperature has raised and the precipitation has increased but unevenly distributed. Meanwhile, the occurring days of sand\|dust storm and gale have decreased, but the occurring days of dust floating have obviously increased. The frequency of high wind speed has decreased and that of low wind speed has increased in Atalaw Pass. The decrease of occurring days of gale has weakened the ability of evaporation. On the other hand, the jump test to occurring days of sand\|dust shows the climate change was discontinuously. There was certain correlativity; the relative coefficient between the dried bottom area of the lake and the total occurring days of sand\|dust is 0\^59. Studies show that the sand\|dust climate in Ebinur Lake area was influenced by both the global climate change and the desertification caused by lake water decreasing due to human activities.